1,315 research outputs found
Life at the edge: Complexity and criticality in biological function
Why life is complex and - most importantly - what is the origin of the over abundance of complexity in nature? This is a fundamental scientific question which, paraphrasing the late Per Bak, “is screaming to be answered but seldom is even being asked”. In this article, we review recent attempts across several scales to understand the origins of complex biological problems from the perspective of critical phenomena. To illustrate the approach, three cases are discussed, namely the large scale brain dynamics, the characterization of spontaneous fluctuations of proteins, and the physiological complexity of the cell mitochondria network.Fil: Chialvo, Dante Renato. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología; Argentin
Brain complexity born out of criticality
In this essay we elaborate on recent evidence demonstrating the presence of a
second order phase transition in human brain dynamics and discuss its
consequences for theoretical approaches to brain function. We review early
evidence of criticality in brain dynamics at different spatial and temporal
scales, and we stress how it was necessary to unify concepts and analysis
techniques across scales to introduce the adequate order and control parameters
which define the transition. A discussion on the relation between structural
vs. dynamical complexity exposes future steps to understand the dynamics of the
connectome (structure) from which emerges the cognitome (function).Comment: In Proceedings of the 12th Granada Seminar "Physics, Computation, and
the Mind - Advances and Challenges at Interfaces-". (J. Marro, P. L. Garrido
& J. J. Torres, Eds.) American Institute of Physics (2012, in press
On the molecular mechanism of surface charge amplification and related phenomena at aqueous polyelectrolyte-graphene interfaces
In this communication we illustrate the occurrence of a recently reported new
phenomenon of surface-charge amplification, SCA, (originally dubbed
overcharging, OC), [Jimenez-Angeles F. and Lozada-Cassou M., J. Phys. Chem. B,
2004, 108, 7286] by means of molecular dynamics simulation of aqueous
electrolytes solutions involving multivalent cations in contact with charged
graphene walls and the presence of short-chain lithium polystyrene sulfonates
where the solvent water is described explicitly with a realistic molecular
model. We show that the occurrence of SCA in these systems, in contrast to that
observed in primitive models, involves neither contact co-adsorption of the
negatively charged macroions nor divalent cations with a large size and charge
asymmetry as required in the case of implicit solvents. In fact the SCA
phenomenon hinges around the preferential adsorption of water (over the
hydrated ions) with an average dipolar orientation such that the charges of the
water's hydrogen and oxygen sites induce magnification rather than screening of
the positive-charged graphene surface, within a limited range of surface-charge
density.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Improved neighbor list algorithm in molecular simulations using cell decomposition and data sorting method
An improved neighbor list algorithm is proposed to reduce unnecessary
interatomic distance calculations in molecular simulations. It combines the
advantages of Verlet table and cell linked list algorithms by using cell
decomposition approach to accelerate the neighbor list construction speed, and
data sorting method to lower the CPU data cache miss rate, as well as partial
updating method to minimize the unnecessary reconstruction of the neighbor
list. Both serial and parallel performance of molecular dynamics simulation are
evaluated using the proposed algorithm and compared with those using
conventional Verlet table and cell linked list algorithms. Results show that
the new algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithms by a factor of 2~3 in
cases of both small and large number of atoms.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to Computer Physics Communication
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