139 research outputs found
One-Fe versus Two-Fe Brillouin Zone of Fe-Based Superconductors: Creation of the Electron Pockets via Translational Symmetry Breaking
We investigate the physical effects of translational symmetry breaking in
Fe-based high-temperature superconductors due to alternating anion positions.
In the representative parent compounds, including the newly discovered
Fe-vacancy-ordered , an unusual change of orbital
character is found across the one-Fe Brillouin zone upon unfolding the
first-principles band structure and Fermi surfaces, suggesting that covering a
larger one-Fe Brillouin zone is necessary in experiments. Most significantly,
the electron pockets (critical to the magnetism and superconductivity) are
found only created with the broken symmetry, advocating strongly its full
inclusion in future studies, particularly on the debated nodal structures of
the superconducting order parameter.Comment: Accepted by Physical Review Letters. Updated in Figure 2 and
supplementary informatio
Knowledge-Enriched Visual Storytelling
Stories are diverse and highly personalized, resulting in a large possible
output space for story generation. Existing end-to-end approaches produce
monotonous stories because they are limited to the vocabulary and knowledge in
a single training dataset. This paper introduces KG-Story, a three-stage
framework that allows the story generation model to take advantage of external
Knowledge Graphs to produce interesting stories. KG-Story distills a set of
representative words from the input prompts, enriches the word set by using
external knowledge graphs, and finally generates stories based on the enriched
word set. This distill-enrich-generate framework allows the use of external
resources not only for the enrichment phase, but also for the distillation and
generation phases. In this paper, we show the superiority of KG-Story for
visual storytelling, where the input prompt is a sequence of five photos and
the output is a short story. Per the human ranking evaluation, stories
generated by KG-Story are on average ranked better than that of the
state-of-the-art systems. Our code and output stories are available at
https://github.com/zychen423/KE-VIST.Comment: AAAI 202
Afatinib Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects by Targeting the Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Enzyme CAD
13 páginas, 7 figurasCurrent clinical trials of combined EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies show no additional effect. This raises questions regarding whether EGFR-TKIs attenuate ICB-enhanced CD8+ T lymphocyte function. Here we show that the EGFR-TKI afatinib suppresses CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation, and we identify CAD, a key enzyme of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, to be a novel afatinib target. Afatinib reduced tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte numbers in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-bearing mice. Early afatinib treatment inhibited CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, but their proliferation unexpectedly rebounded following long-term treatment. This suggests a transient immunomodulatory effect of afatinib on CD8+ T lymphocytes. Sequential treatment of afatinib with anti-PD1 immunotherapy substantially enhanced therapeutic efficacy in MC38 and LLC-bearing mice, while simultaneous combination therapy showed only marginal improvement over each single treatment. These results suggest that afatinib can suppress CD8+ T lymphocyte proliferation by targeting CAD, proposing a timing window for combined therapy that may prevent the dampening of ICB efficacy by EGFR-TKIs. SIGNIFICANCE: This study elucidates a mechanism of afatinib-mediated immunosuppression and provides new insights into treatment timing for combined targeted therapy and immunotherapy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/12/3270/F1.large.jpg.This study was supported by Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology
grants MOST 104-2320-B-002-044-MY3, MOST 106-2320-B-002-046-MY3, and
MOST 108-2320-B-002-024-MY3, National Health Research Institutes grants
NHRI-EX106-10401BI and NHRI-EX109-10725BI, National Taiwan University
grants NTU107L890504 and NTU110L893503 to M.-S. Lee, and National
Taiwan University Hospital grants 106-003451, 107-003849, 108-004269, and
109-004720 to C.-C. Ho. This work was also supported by MINECO grants
BFU2016-80570-R and RTI2018-098084-B-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE). The authors
would like to thank the Laboratory Animal Core Facility at the College of
Medicine, National Taiwan University for their servicesPeer reviewe
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data
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