Evaluation of three turbulence models for the prediction of steady and unsteady airloads

Two dimensional quasi-three dimensional Navier-Stokes solvers were used to predict the static and dynamic airload characteristics of airfoils. The following three turbulence models were used: the Baldwin-Lomax algebraic model, the Johnson-King ODE model for maximum turbulent shear stress, and a two equation k-e model with law-of-the-wall boundary conditions. It was found that in attached flow the three models have good agreement with experimental data. In unsteady separated flows, these models give only a fair correlation with experimental data

Analysis of viscous transonic flow over airfoil sections

A full Navier-Stokes solver has been used to model transonic flow over three airfoil sections. The method uses a two-dimensional, implicit, conservative finite difference scheme for solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Results are presented as prescribed for the Viscous Transonic Airfoil Workshop to be held at the AIAA 25th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. The NACA 0012, RAE 2822 and Jones airfoils have been investigated for both attached and separated transonic flows. Predictions for pressure distributions, loads, skin friction coefficients, boundary layer displacement thickness and velocity profiles are included and compared with experimental data when possible. Overall, the results are in good agreement with experimental data

FFTPL: An Analytic Placement Algorithm Using Fast Fourier Transform for Density Equalization

We propose a flat nonlinear placement algorithm FFTPL using fast Fourier transform for density equalization. The placement instance is modeled as an electrostatic system with the analogy of density cost to the potential energy. A well-defined Poisson's equation is proposed for gradient and cost computation. Our placer outperforms state-of-the-art placers with better solution quality and efficiency

Guidance document on the use of the Confidante tool to track new or recent cases of female genital mutilation

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is internationally recognised as a violation of human rights that is rooted in social norms including harmful gender norms. In countries where it is prevalent, FGM contributes to bottlenecks that curtail realisation of full potential by girls and women. In settings where FGM is illegal, practising communities may adopt strategies such as cutting girls at very young ages, performing supposedly less severe cuts, or conducting FGM in secret, and thus underreport the occurrence of the practice due to fear of legal consequences. This may hamper tracking and/or measuring the effectiveness and/or impact of interventions and actions to end the practice. Adopting methods from other related fields used to measure sensitive or hidden behaviours may provide an innovative approach to more accurately capturing new or recent cases of FGM, which are a powerful indicator of ongoing violations of human rights. Such data can support advocacy activities as well as strengthen the evaluation of legal frameworks and health systems approaches to address FGM. To this end, the FGM Data Hub developed and piloted a tool that involved the use of the Confidante Method to document new or recent cases of FGM. The evidence generated from piloting the tool was shared with a team of experts (Annex 1) in measurement of sensitive or hidden behaviours during a half-day virtual convening to provide feedback on the application of the tool. The evidence and the tool were further reviewed by end-FGM programme implementers from The Girl Generation-Africa-led Movement to End FGM (TGG-ALM) and other partners across Kenya during a three-day workshop held in Nairobi in June 2023. The tool and this accompanying guide were finalised based on feedback obtained from those engagements

Thoracic metastasis in advanced ovarian cancer: comparison between computed tomography and video-assisted thoracic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine which computed tomography (CT) imaging features predict pleural malignancy in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) using video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), pathology, and cytology findings as the reference standard. METHODS: This retrospective study included 44 patients with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) stage III or IV primary or recurrent EOC who had chest CT ≤30 days before VATS. Two radiologists independently reviewed the CT studies and recorded the presence and size of pleural effusions and of ascites; pleural nodules, thickening, enhancement, subdiaphragmatic tumour deposits and supradiaphragmatic, mediastinal, hilar, and retroperitoneal adenopathy; and peritoneal seeding. VATS, pathology, and cytology findings constituted the reference standard. RESULTS: In 26/44 (59%) patients, pleural biopsies were malignant. Only the size of left-sided pleural effusion (reader 1: rho=-0.39, p=0.01; reader 2: rho=-0.37, p=0.01) and presence of ascites (reader 1: rho=-0.33, p=0.03; reader 2: rho=-0.35, p=0.03) were significantly associated with solid pleural metastasis. Pleural fluid cytology was malignant in 26/35 (74%) patients. Only the presence (p=0.03 for both readers) and size (reader 1: rho=0.34, p=0.04; reader 2: rho=0.33, p=0.06) of right-sided pleural effusion were associated with malignant pleural effusion. Interobserver agreement was substantial (kappa=0.78) for effusion size and moderate (kappa=0.46) for presence of solid pleural disease. No other CT features were associated with malignancy at biopsy or cytology. CONCLUSION: In patients with advanced EOC, ascites and left-sided pleural effusion size were associated with solid pleural metastasis, while the presence and size of right-sided effusion were associated with malignant pleural effusion. No other CT features evaluated were associated with pleural malignancy

Neuroinflammation by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes impairs retrograde axonal transport in an oligodendrocyte mutant mouse

Mice overexpressing proteolipid protein (PLP) develop a leukodystrophy-like disease involving cytotoxic, CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Here we show that these cytotoxic T-lymphocytes perturb retrograde axonal transport. Using fluorogold stereotactically injected into the colliculus superior, we found that PLP overexpression in oligodendrocytes led to significantly reduced retrograde axonal transport in retina ganglion cell axons. We also observed an accumulation of mitochondria in the juxtaparanodal axonal swellings, indicative for a disturbed axonal transport. PLP overexpression in the absence of T-lymphocytes rescued retrograde axonal transport defects and abolished axonal swellings. Bone marrow transfer from wildtype mice, but not from perforin- or granzyme B-deficient mutants, into lymphocyte-deficient PLP mutant mice led again to impaired axonal transport and the formation of axonal swellings, which are predominantly located at the juxtaparanodal region. This demonstrates that the adaptive immune system, including cytotoxic T-lymphocytes which release perforin and granzyme B, are necessary to perturb axonal integrity in the PLP-transgenic disease model. Based on our observations, so far not attended molecular and cellular players belonging to the immune system should be considered to understand pathogenesis in inherited myelin disorders with progressive axonal damage

Primary debulking surgery for metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma: A case report

• The case presented is that of a primary debulking surgery for presumed ovarian cancer. • Final pathology revealed diffusely metastatic endocervical adenocarcinoma. • After primary chemotherapy, the patient has remained disease-free 30 months after surgery