A conceptual framework for using feedback control within adaptive traffic control systems

Existing adaptive traffic control strategies lack an effective evaluation procedure to check the performance of the control plan after implementation. In the absence of an effective evaluation procedure, errors introduced in the system such as inaccurate estimates of arrival flows, are carried forward in time and reduce the efficiency of the traffic flow algorithms as they assess prevalent traffic conditions. It is evident that the feed-forward nature of these systems cannot accurately update the estimated quantities, especially during oversaturated conditions. This research is an attempt to develop a conceptual framework for the application of feedback control within the basic operation of existing adaptive traffic control systems to enhance their performance. The framework is applied to three existing adaptive traffic control strategies (SCOOT, SCATS, and OPAC) to enable better demand estimations and queue management during oversaturated condition. A numerical example is provided to test the performance of an arterial in a feedback environment. The example involves the design and simulation test of Proportional (P) and Proportional-Integral (P1) controllers and their adaptability to adequately control the arterial. A sensitivity analysis is further performed to justify the use of a feedback control system on arterials and to choose the type of controller best suited under given demand conditions. The simulation results indicated that for the studied arterial, the P1 controller can handle demand estimation and queuing better than P controllers. It was determined that a well designed feedback control system with a PI controller can effectively overcome some of the deficiencies of existing adaptive traffic control systems

Quest for Nagalim: Mapping of Perceptions Outside Nagaland

The Nagas of Nagaland could always identify themselves with the Naga identity due to being in a state named after their own collective identity. However, the Naga tribes outside Nagaland, especially those of Manipur and Assam, always had a strong reason to reassert their Naga-ness. The response to the idea of a separate Nagalim has been wide-ranging across the entire region affected by the Naga insurgency. A Framework Agreement was signed between the Government of India and the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN-IM) on August 03, 2015. The agreement affected four states and approximately 35 Naga and other ethnic tribes inhabiting the traditional Naga areas. The agreement set three crucial parameters for the detailed settlement. First, it recognised that Naga ‘history and situation' was unique. Second, it proposed that sovereign powers would be shared between the Centre and the Nagas through a division of competencies, that is, through renegotiating the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists of competencies of the Indian Constitution. Third, the two sides would strive for a mutually acceptable and peaceful settlement

An Efficient Intersection Based VANET Routing Strategy on Smart City Roads Using Real-Time Vehicular Traffic

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to create a self-organized network while not the necessity for a permanent infrastructure and routing in VANETs may be a difficult task attributable to the high quality and high density of mobile nodes. Position-based routing protocols, that are principally supported greedy routing, are additional suited to extremely dynamic and mobile network. attention of the scientific community is to style network familiarized position-based routing protocols, and this has resulted in an exceedingly} very high range of algorithms, totally different in approach and performance and every suited solely to explicit applications. However, various, only a few positions primarily based algorithms have truly been adopted for business functions. a The aim of this work is to develop a VANET-Simulation situation for supporting varied Considering the large number of nodes that participate in these networks and their high mobility, The problem still exist about the feasibility of applications that use end-to-end multi-hop communication in Intersection Routing on City Roads when they are executed in Real-Time Vehicular Traffic. Simulation was done using urban city maps settings and they will evaluate performance best in terms of average delivery rate

Utilization of Neutral Zone Technique for Rehabilitation of Atrophic Maxillary and Mandibular Ridges: A Clinical Report

The neutral zone technique is an alternative approach for the construction of the complete dentures. It is most effective for dentures where there is a highly atrophic ridge. The techniqueaims to construct a denture that is shaped by muscle function and is in harmony with the surrounding oral structures. This clinical report describes the fabrication of complete denturesfor a patient with poorly formed both maxillary and mandibular ridges

Effect of varieties and phosphorus levels on growth and Yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

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