Case Study: Potential Trademark Infringements

This is a case study of trademark infringement disputes.  One of the authors (Cosgrove) incorporated The Econoclast, Inc. that owns a registered trademark (Econoclast®) that has provided capital market publications to financial and nonfinancial institutions since 1979.  Over the years, others have used the same name for similar services.  The case study explains the basics of trademark law and the meaning of trademark infringement.  The authors describe the practical steps Cosgrove undertook to prevent infringement of his trademark in three different situations. There remains an on-going dispute involving possible international infringement in one of the illustrations

Case Study: Trademark Infringement Issues

This is a case study of trademark infringement disputes.  One of the authors (M. Cosgrove) incorporated The Econoclast, Inc. in 1979. The company provides capital market publications to financial and nonfinancial institutions, and owns the trademark Econoclast®. Over the years, others have attempted to use the same name for similar services. This case study presents the practical steps that Cosgrove undertook to prevent infringement of his trademark in various cases that occurred since our prior paper was published in 2005 (Cosgrove, Marsh and Chester.) The paper also explains the basics of trademark law, the meaning of trademark infringement, and obligations of the trademark owner.

Is symmetry identity?

Wigner found unreasonable the "effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences". But if the mathematics we use to describe nature is simply a coded expression of our experience then its effectiveness is quite reasonable. Its effectiveness is built into its design. We consider group theory, the logic of symmetry. We examine the premise that symmetry is identity; that group theory encodes our experience of identification. To decide whether group theory describes the world in such an elemental way we catalogue the detailed correspondence between elements of the physical world and elements of the formalism. Providing an unequivocal match between concept and mathematical statement completes the case. It makes effectiveness appear reasonable. The case that symmetry is identity is a strong one but it is not complete. The further validation required suggests that unexpected entities might be describable by the irreducible representations of group theory

Genome-wide association study identifies two susceptibility loci for osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy of adolescents and young adults. To better understand the genetic etiology of osteosarcoma, we performed a multistage genome-wide association study consisting of 941 individuals with osteosarcoma (cases) and 3,291 cancer-free adult controls of European ancestry. Two loci achieved genome-wide significance: a locus in the GRM4 gene at 6p21.3 (encoding glutamate receptor metabotropic 4; rs1906953; P = 8.1 × 10⁻⁹) and a locus in the gene desert at 2p25.2 (rs7591996 and rs10208273; P = 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ and 2.9 × 10⁻⁷, respectively). These two loci warrant further exploration to uncover the biological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to osteosarcoma