Addressing Problems in Evaluating Health-Relevant Programs through Systematic Planning and Evaluation

The authors argue that inconsistent terminology is often a hindrance in assessing health program implementation, effectiveness and efficiency. Attending closely to this, they propose a model scheme for conducting such evaluations

Lithology and Internal Structure of the San Andreas Fault at Depth Based on Characterization of Phase 3 Whole-rock Core in the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) Borehole

We characterize the lithology and structure of the spot core obtained in 2007 during Phase 3 drilling of the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) in order to determine the composition, structure, and deformation processes of the fault zone at 3 km depth where creep and microseismicity occur. A total of approximately 41 m of spot core was taken from three separate sections of the borehole; the core samples consist of fractured arkosic sandstones and shale west of the SAF zone (Pacific Plate) and sheared fine-grained sedimentary rocks, ultrafine black fault-related rocks, and phyllosilicate-rich fault gouge within the fault zone (North American Plate). The fault zone at SAFOD consists of a broad zone of variably damaged rock containing localized zones of highly concentrated shear that often juxtapose distinct protoliths. Two zones of serpentinite-bearing clay gouge, each meters-thick, occur at the two locations of aseismic creep identified in the borehole on the basis of casing deformation. The gouge primarily is comprised of Mg-rich clays, serpentinite (lizardite ± chrysotile) with notable increases in magnetite, and Ni-Cr-oxides/hydroxides relative to the surrounding host rock. The rocks surrounding the two creeping gouge zones display a range of deformation including fractured protolith, block-in-matrix, and foliated cataclasite structure. The blocks and clasts predominately consist of sandstone and siltstone embedded in a clay-rich matrix that displays a penetrative scaly fabric. Mineral alteration, veins and fracture-surface coatings are present throughout the core, and reflect a long history of syn-deformation, fluid-rock reaction that contributes to the low-strength and creep in the meters-thick gouge zones

Swift observations of the SFXT SAX J1818.6-1703 in outburst

We present the Swift observations of the supergiant fast X-ray transient (SFXT) SAX J1818.6-1703 collected during the most recent outburst, which occurred on May 6 2009. In particular, we present broad-band spectroscopic and timing analysis as well as a Swift/XRT light curve that spans more than two weeks of observations. The broad-band spectral models and length of the outburst resemble those of the prototype of the SFXT class, XTE J1739-302, further confirming SAX J1818.6-1703 as a member of this class.Comment: Proceedings of 'X-Ray Astronomy 2009, Present Status, multiwavelength approach and future perspectives', September 7 - 11, 2009, Bologna, Ital

Peer assessment of individual contribution in group work: a student perspective

With group work increasing in popularity at universities, students no longer feel it is acceptable to be awarded the same group mark. This presents a significant challenge in awarding an individual mark which reflects unequivocally the time and effort a student has invested in a group project. To address this challenge, a tool to evaluate individual peer assessed contribution (IPAC) has been developed at University College London (UCL). The aim of this paper is to report on the perceptions of students regarding their experience of peer assessment in group work, since these perceptions are key to ensuring that a tool, such as IPAC, is accepted and used effectively by staff and students alike. The views of 133 students were acquired through anonymous surveys and focus groups ranging from first year undergraduate to doctoral students across 12 different departments. Results showed that 92% of students are in favour of peer assessment with a positive trend to using the IPAC tool. Receiving constructive feedback was considered imperative amongst respondents, which in turn should identify clearly the points of error; highlight explicitly the areas for improvement; and thus reflect accurately the mark being awarded. The attributes that students valued to be important when assessing their teammates were, in decreasing order of priority, attendance at meetings, listening and communication, actual contribution to the project deliverables, quality of the work produced, personal circumstances, and finally time management and organization skills. The detailed analysis and conclusions drawn from this study are the focus of this paper

Examining the relationship between work-related factors and work-family-related factors on work-family conflict

The current work-family conflict literature is characterized by limitations in focus and methodology, particularly with a failure to link work-family conflict with work-family policies. This study compares the influence of work-related factors and work-family related factors on work-family conflict in two directions. A local government organization in New Zealand was the setting. Findings show that work factors account for a significant component of both work-to-family and family-to-work conflict, although this is far greater on work-family conflict. Work-family practice use had little influence on work-family practices was found to positively associate with family-work conflict. Overall, the finds suggest managers in search of reducing employee conflict should focus directly upon work factors such as workload, rather than see to use work-family practices as the primary way to reduce conflict

Systems Analysis of complex glaciological processes and application to calving of Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica

Calving is a complex process subject to several cooperating atmospheric, oceanographic and glaciological forcings that vary in space and time, and whose relative effects are challenging to separate. Statistical ‘Systems Analysis’ is commonly used in engineering and economics to extricate complex ‘force–response’ relationships. Here we apply Systems Analysis to the Amery rift system, East Antarctica. We develop a scalable ‘System Model’ driven by a coarsely-sampled dataset characteristic of glaciological observations in remote locations, and validate it using rift lengths observed in 2000–06 and 2012. In this initial demonstration, we forecast a detachment date of ∼2019 ± 5 years for the large tabular iceberg colloquially known as the ‘Loose Tooth’, for which relative humidity surprisingly emerges as the best statistical predictor. RACMO2 climate modelling reveals that relative humidity correlates best with surface albedo and snowmelt, both of which are intimately linked to firn compaction and ice shelf temperature and flow. We postulate that relative humidity can therefore serve as a proxy for internal stress, a known key control of ‘Loose Tooth’ calving. Although no physical causality is implied in Systems Analysis, postulates such as this can aid in setting priorities in studies of complex glaciological processes

Conceptualizing the adventure-sports coach

As a comparatively recent development, the adventure-sports coach struggles for a clear and distinct identity. The generic term ‘instructor’ no longer characterizes the role and function of this subgroup of outdoor professionals. Indeed, although the fields of adventure/outdoor education and leadership are comparatively well researched, the arrival of this ‘new kid on the block’ appears to challenge both the adventure-sports old guard and traditional views of sports coaching. In an attempt to offer clarity and stimulate debate, this paper attempts to conceptualize the adventure-sports coach in the context of the existing roles in the field and current motivations for activity in the outdoors. We identify issues that are specific to the adventure-sports coach while also recognizing those skills and competencies shared with other professionals, both in the adventure sports profession and traditional sports coaching fields. Based on this review, we offer a conceptual model which may be used to focus debate, stimulate research and, at a possible later stage, to underpin accreditation, training and professional development

Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Harmonic Potential

We examine several features of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in an external harmonic potential well. In the thermodynamic limit, there is a phase transition to a spatial Bose-Einstein condensed state for dimension D greater than or equal to 2. The thermodynamic limit requires maintaining constant average density by weakening the potential while increasing the particle number N to infinity, while of course in real experiments the potential is fixed and N stays finite. For such finite ideal harmonic systems we show that a BEC still occurs, although without a true phase transition, below a certain ``pseudo-critical'' temperature, even for D=1. We study the momentum-space condensate fraction and find that it vanishes as 1/N^(1/2) in any number of dimensions in the thermodynamic limit. In D less than or equal to 2 the lack of a momentum condensation is in accord with the Hohenberg theorem, but must be reconciled with the existence of a spatial BEC in D=2. For finite systems we derive the N-dependence of the spatial and momentum condensate fractions and the transition temperatures, features that may be experimentally testable. We show that the N-dependence of the 2D ideal-gas transition temperature for a finite system cannot persist in the interacting case because it violates a theorem due to Chester, Penrose, and Onsager.Comment: 34 pages, LaTeX, 6 Postscript figures, Submitted to Jour. Low Temp. Phy