Molecular Mechanisms Of The Effect Of Ultrasound On The Fibrinolysis Of Clots

Background: Ultrasound accelerates tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)–induced fibrinolysis of clots in vitro and in vivo. Objective: To identify mechanisms for the enhancement of t-PA–induced fibrinolysis of clots. Methods: Turbidity is an accurate and convenient method, not previously used, to follow the effects of ultrasound. Deconvolution microscopy was used to determine changes in structure, while fluorescence recovery after photobleaching was used to characterize the kinetics of binding/unbinding and transport. Results: The ultrasound pulse repetition frequency affected clot lysis times, but there were no thermal effects. Ultrasound in the absence of t-PA produced a slight but consistent decrease in turbidity, suggesting a decrease in fibrin diameter due solely to the action of the ultrasound, likely caused by an increase in protofibril tension because of vibration from ultrasound. Changes in fibrin network structure during lysis with ultrasound were visualized in real time by deconvolution microscopy, revealing that the network becomes unstable when 30–40% of the protein in the network was digested, whereas without ultrasound, the fibrin network was digested gradually and retained structural integrity. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching during lysis revealed that the off-rate of oligomers from digesting fibers was little affected, but the number of binding/unbinding sites was increased. Conclusions: Ultrasound causes a decrease in the diameter of the fibers due to tension as a result of vibration, leading to increased binding sites for plasmin(ogen)/t-PA. The positive feedback of this structural change together with increased mixing/transport of t-PA/plasmin(ogen) is likely to account for the observed enhancement of fibrinolysis by ultrasound

INFLUENCE OF CHEMICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVES ON EMISSION SPECTRA OF THE FLAMES OF HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM OXIDATION IN NEAR IR REGION

Author Institution: Institute for Structural Macrokinetics and Material Science of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Russian Federation, Noginski region, ChernogolovkaBand system in the region 852 $-$ 880 nm and bands 670 and 846 nm over pressures 0.1 $-$ 1 atm in the flames of mixtures of hydrogen with oxygen and air has been detected. The system is assigned to overtone transitions of H$_2$O$_2$ (3$\nu_1+\sigma$) correspondingly arising from the reaction of HO$_2+$HO$_2-$H$_2$O$_2^v +$O$_2 +$33.5 kcal/mole. The bands 670 and 846 nm are assigned to overtone transitions of HO$_2$ radical (4$\nu_1+\sigma$) and (3$\nu_1+\sigma$) correspondingly arising from the reaction of H$+$O$_2$($+$M)$-$HO$_2$($+$M) $+$ 44 kcal/mole. By this means the extent of energy of these elementary processes is located in vibrational degrees of freedom of products. It has been detected that HO$_2$ radicals occur originally in overtone-excited states in combustion both of hydrogen and deuterium in the presence of small additives of propylene as an inhibitor

ACTIVE INTERMEDIATES IN THE CHAIN OXIDATION OF DICHLOROSILANE

$^{a}$ D. Sameith, J.P. Monch, H.J. Tiller et al. Chem.Phys.Lett, 128, 483, (1986) $^{b}$ V.V. Azatyan, A.S. Lukashev, S.S. Nagorny et al. Kinel Catal., 34, 404, (1993) $^{c}$ V.P. Karpov, N.M. Rubtsov O.T. Ryzhkov et al. Chem.Phys.Reports, 17, 73, (1998)Author Institution: Russia, Institute for Structural Macrokinetics RAS, Moscow regionDichlorosilylenes have been detected in the branching chain reaction of the oxidation of dichlorosilane with $O_{2}$ for the first time. The emission spectra of rarified flame were recorded under static and flow conditions over the pressure range $0,5-5$ Torr and $293-393 K$ over the following intervals : $SiO(A^{1} - X^{1})$ in the range 220-280 nm $SiCl_{2} (A^{1}B_{1} - X^{1}A_{1})$ in the range $300-380 nm^{g}$; the continious emission caused by the blackbody radiation from the solid particles over 400nm. The intensive absorption in the range of 210-260 nm has been also observed under static conditions. The simultaneous recording of the mentioned intermediates as well as conductivity (revealed $recently^{b}$) during the single ignition has been performed. The peaks of the signals are staggered in time. The first peak in time is $SiCl_{2}$ (coincident with SiO), the second is the absorption peak, the third is the visible emission coincident with conductivity peak. 10\% additives (to fuel) of $SF_{6}$ have a decreasing effect only on the absorption, visible emission and conductivity. It means that the absorbing intermediates contain Si-O bonds since $SF_{6}$ has influence mainly on aerosol $formation^{c}$

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТА ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ДОЦІЛЬНОСТІ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ОБ'ЄКТІВ ПРАВА ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ В СФЕРІ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ'Я УКРАЇНИ

Abstract. Innovative development in the field of healthcare of Ukraine directly dependson the effective implementation of the most promising modern innovative developments inmedical practice. There are proposed the Criteria for evaluating the innovativecapabilities of intellectual property and the method for determining the innovativepotential of research projects to optimize the innovative flow of commercially promisingdevelopments and the costs of implementing innovations and to improve the functioningof the health system of Ukraine.Резюме. Инновационное развитие в сфере здравоохранения Украины напрямую зависит от эффективного внедрения в медицинскую практику наиболее перспективныхсовременных инновационных разработок. Предложены критерии оценки инновационных возможностей объектов интеллектуальной собственности и методикаопределения инновационного потенциала научно-исследовательских работ дляоптимизации инновационного потока коммерчески перспективных разработок ирасходов на реализацию инноваций и для повышения эффективности функционирования системы здравоохранения Украины.Резюме. Інноваційний розвиток у сфері охорони здоров'я України безпосередньозалежить від ефективного впровадження в медичну практику найбільш перспективних сучасних інноваційних розробок. Запропоновано критерії оцінкиінноваційних можливостей об'єктів інтелектуальної власності та методикавизначення інноваційного потенціалу науково-дослідних робіт для оптимізаціїінноваційного потоку комерційно перспективних розробок і витрат на реалізаціюінновацій та для підвищення ефективності функціонування системи охорони здоров'я України