12 research outputs found
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ: Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ
To overcome the effects of financial and economic crisis the governments of different countries use various and, as a rule, very expensive tools. Therefore, an analytical review of government measures to overcome the global financial crisisβ consequences with marking of the most successful as well as ineffective economic tools that were used to support the automotive industry in the developed countries and Russia seems to be very important.ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ
Quantum Arnol'd Diffusion in a Simple Nonlinear System
We study the fingerprint of the Arnol'd diffusion in a quantum system of two
coupled nonlinear oscillators with a two-frequency external force. In the
classical description, this peculiar diffusion is due to the onset of a weak
chaos in a narrow stochastic layer near the separatrix of the coupling
resonance. We have found that global dependence of the quantum diffusion
coefficient on model parameters mimics, to some extent, the classical data.
However, the quantum diffusion happens to be slower that the classical one.
Another result is the dynamical localization that leads to a saturation of the
diffusion after some characteristic time. We show that this effect has the same
nature as for the studied earlier dynamical localization in the presence of
global chaos. The quantum Arnol'd diffusion represents a new type of quantum
dynamics and can be observed, for example, in 2D semiconductor structures
(quantum billiards) perturbed by time-periodic external fields.Comment: RevTex, 11 pages including 12 ps-figure
Detectors of charged particles and low-energy gamma-quanta on the basis of Ticor single crystals
Scintillation characteristics have been studied for detectors of charged particles and low-energy gamma-quanta
produced on the basis of Ticor single crystals.Π£ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π·Π°ΡΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΡ.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Π·Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ°-ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ°
Over-reflection in lab: the all-sufficient cause of instability of an annular supersonic shear in simulations on free-surface shallow water
Presented are results of the pioneering research on the over-reflection instability of an annular βsupersonicβ shear in experiments on free-surface shallow water covering a differentially rotating and properly shaped bottom (characteristic waves on shallow water play the role of sound, all alternative shear instabilities are suppressed due to specificity of the rotation profile and experimental procedure). The consideration focuses upon distinctive features of the structures generated by the instability as perturbations of shallow-water thickness. The features of the structures observed are compared with those predicted by an original theory. The structures are also readily interpreted as a superposition of Huygens-Mach fronts that are multiply over-reflected from the shear, having been induced by a supersonic disturbance moving along it. Owing to the annular geometry, the instability in the experiments develops even in absence of external boundaries that are universally included in traditional theoretical schemes for feedback necessary for the wave generation
Nonwoven polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering: The choice of the structure and the method of cell seeding
Nonwoven polycaprolactone materials produced by electrospinning are perspective internal prosthetic implants. Seeding these implants with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells stimulates the replacement of the prosthesis with recipient's own connective tissue. Electrospinning method was used for producing polycaprolactone matrices differing in thickness, pore diameter, fiber size, and biomechanical properties. Labeled cells were seeded on scaffolds in three ways: (1) static, (2) dynamic, and (3) directed flow of the cell suspension generated by capillary action. Cell distribution on the surface and the interior of the scaffolds was studied; the metabolic activity of cells was measured by MTT assay. Static seeding method yielded fully confluence of cells covered the entire scaffold surface, but the cells were located primarily in the upper third of the matrix. Dynamic method proved to be effective only for scaffolds of thickness greater than 500 microns, irrespective of the pore diameter. The third method was effective only for scaffolds with the pore diameter of 20-30 microns, regardless of the material thickness. Resorbable nonwoven polycaprolactone electrospun materials have appropriate biomechanical properties and similar to native tissue matrix structures for internal prosthesis. The choice of the most effective cell seeding method depends on the spatial characteristics - the material thickness, pore diameter, and fibers size, which are determined by the electrospinning conditions
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ: Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Nonwoven polycaprolactone materials produced by electrospinning are perspective internal prosthetic implants. Seeding these implants with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells stimulates the replacement of the prosthesis with recipient's own connective tissue. Electrospinning method was used for producing polycaprolactone matrices differing in thickness, pore diameter, fiber size, and biomechanical properties. Labeled cells were seeded on scaffolds in three ways: (1) static, (2) dynamic, and (3) directed flow of the cell suspension generated by capillary action. Cell distribution on the surface and the interior of the scaffolds was studied; the metabolic activity of cells was measured by MTT assay. Static seeding method yielded fully confluence of cells covered the entire scaffold surface, but the cells were located primarily in the upper third of the matrix. Dynamic method proved to be effective only for scaffolds of thickness greater than 500 microns, irrespective of the pore diameter. The third method was effective only for scaffolds with the pore diameter of 20-30 microns, regardless of the material thickness. Resorbable nonwoven polycaprolactone electrospun materials have appropriate biomechanical properties and similar to native tissue matrix structures for internal prosthesis. The choice of the most effective cell seeding method depends on the spatial characteristics - the material thickness, pore diameter, and fibers size, which are determined by the electrospinning conditions.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ: ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ’Π’-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 500 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π±ΡΠ» ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ 20-30 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ-Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ - ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°