Influence of intermartensitic transitions on transport properties of Ni2.16Mn0.84Ga alloy

Magnetic, transport, and x-ray diffraction measurements of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni$_{2.16}$Mn$_{0.84}$Ga revealed that this alloy undergoes an intermartensitic transition upon cooling, whereas no such a transition is observed upon subsequent heating. The difference in the modulation of the martensite forming upon cooling from the high-temperature austenitic state [5-layered (5M) martensite], and the martensite forming upon the intermartensitic transition [7-layered (7M) martensite] strongly affects the magnetic and transport properties of the alloy and results in a large thermal hysteresis of the resistivity $\rho$ and magnetization $M$. The intermartensitic transition has an especially marked influence on the transport properties, as is evident from a large difference in the resistivity of the 5M and 7M martensite, $(\rho_{\mathrm{5M}} - \rho_{\mathrm{7M}})/\rho _{\mathrm{5M}} \approx 15$, which is larger than the jump of resistivity at the martensitic transition from the cubic austenitic phase to the monoclinic 5M martensitic phase. We assume that this significant difference in $\rho$ between the martensitic phases is accounted for by nesting features of the Fermi surface. It is also suggested that the nesting hypothesis can explain the uncommon behavior of the resistivity at the martensitic transition, observed in stoichiometric and near-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga alloys.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, REVTEX

Magnetoelastic nature of ferromagnetic shape memory effect

Abstract. The giant magnetically-induced deformation of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys results from the magnetic field-induced rearrangement of twinned martensite under the magnetic field. This deformation is conventionally referred to as the magnetic-field-induced-strain (MFIS). The MFIS is comparable in value with the spontaneous deformation of crystal lattice during the martensitic transformation of an alloy. Although the first observations of MFIS were reported more than 30 years ago, it has got a world-wide interest 20 years later after the creation of the Ni-Mn-Ga alloy system with its practically important room-temperature martensitic structure and experimental evidence of the large magnetostriction. The underlying physics as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for the observation of MFIS are the main focus of this chapter. A magnetostrictive mechanism of the unusual magnetic and magnetomechanical effects observed in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys is substantiated and a framework of consistent theory of these effects is outlined starting from the fundamental conception of magnetoelasticity and the commonly known principles of ferromagnetism and linear elasticity theories. A reasonable agreement between the theoretical deductions and available experimental data is demonstrated and, in this way, a key role of magnetoelastic coupling in the magnetomechanical behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys is proved. A correspondence of magnetostrictive mechanism to the crystallographic features of MFIS and the basic relationships of the thermodynamics of solids are discussed

Formation of memristor structures based on ZnO thin films by scratching probe nanolithography

This work was supported by Grant of the President of the Russian Federation No. MK-2721.2018.8. and by RFBR according to the research project № 18-37-0029

Strongly nonlinear dynamics of electrolytes in large ac voltages

We study the response of a model micro-electrochemical cell to a large ac voltage of frequency comparable to the inverse cell relaxation time. To bring out the basic physics, we consider the simplest possible model of a symmetric binary electrolyte confined between parallel-plate blocking electrodes, ignoring any transverse instability or fluid flow. We analyze the resulting one-dimensional problem by matched asymptotic expansions in the limit of thin double layers and extend previous work into the strongly nonlinear regime, which is characterized by two novel features - significant salt depletion in the electrolyte near the electrodes and, at very large voltage, the breakdown of the quasi-equilibrium structure of the double layers. The former leads to the prediction of "ac capacitive desalination", since there is a time-averaged transfer of salt from the bulk to the double layers, via oscillating diffusion layers. The latter is associated with transient diffusion limitation, which drives the formation and collapse of space-charge layers, even in the absence of any net Faradaic current through the cell. We also predict that steric effects of finite ion sizes (going beyond dilute solution theory) act to suppress the strongly nonlinear regime in the limit of concentrated electrolytes, ionic liquids and molten salts. Beyond the model problem, our reduced equations for thin double layers, based on uniformly valid matched asymptotic expansions, provide a useful mathematical framework to describe additional nonlinear responses to large ac voltages, such as Faradaic reactions, electro-osmotic instabilities, and induced-charge electrokinetic phenomena.Comment: 30 pages, 17 eps-figures, RevTe

Гістерезис електричного опору платинової нитки в холодних воднево-повітряних сумішах

Ignition of gaseous combustible mixtures on catalytically active hot solid surfaces has numerous applications in many industrial processes and is a complex process that involves close interaction between surface processes and transfer processes in the gas mixture. In this paper, stable and critical states catalytic oxidation of hydrogen impurities in air on a platinum filament are considered. It is shown that filament temperature and its resistance depending on the mixture temperature and hydrogen concentration are of the hysteresis features. Within this hysteresis region, it is possible to achieve the catalytic combustion mode of hydrogen as a result preheating the catalyst filament above a certain critical value. The dependence of the limiting hydrogen's concentration on catalyst filament's diameter, above which is observed in the cold gas mixture self-sustaining catalytic combustion without electric current.Займання газоподібних горючих сумішей на каталітично активних гарячих твердих поверхнях має численні застосування в багатьох промислових процесах і являє собою складний процес, що має на увазі тісну взаємодію між поверхневими процесами і процесами перенесення в газовій суміші. У даній роботі розглядаються стійкі і критичні стани каталітичного окислення домішки водню в повітрі на платиновій нитці. Показано, що температура нитки та її опір в залежності від температури навколишньої суміші і концентрації водню мають гістерезисний характер. Усередині даної гістерезисної області можливе досягнення режиму каталітичного горіння водню в результаті попереднього нагрівання нитки каталізатора вище певного критичного значення. Отримана залежність граничної концентрації водню від діаметра нитки каталізатора, вище якої спостерігається в холодній газовій суміші самопідтримується каталітичне горіння без протікання електричного струму

Запалювання та самопідтримуюче горіння газоповітряних сумішей з домішками водню на платиновому дротику

The proposed work describes analytical identification of hydrogen admixture concentration and catalyst temperatures limit values beyond which catalytic flameless steady combustion of gas-air mixtures at ambient temperature at platinum wires is observed. The effect of gas-air slip velocity upon considered values is shown. Initial platinum wire preheating temperatures required for catalytic ignition are determined.В роботі аналітично знаходяться граничні значення концентрації домішки водню та температурікаталізатора, вище яких спостерігається каталітичне безполум’яне стаціонарне стійке горіннягазоповітряних сумішей кімнатної температури на платинових дротиках. Показаний вплив швидкостіобтікання га повітряної суміші на шукані величини. Визначені області початкових температур платиновоїнитки, до яких потрібно попередньо нагріти для здійснення каталітичного запалювання