1,060 research outputs found
On the Intrinsic Simplicity of Spectral Variability of GRBs
In this paper we present a Multi-Scale Correlation Analysis (MSCA) of the light curves of gamma-ray bursts recorded in different energy ranges. This analysis allows us to identify time intervals where emission variability can be reduced to a single physical parameter and can therefore be robustly attributed to a single physical emitter. The properties of these intervals can then be investigated separately, and the spectral properties of individual emitters can be analysed. The signatures of hidden dynamical relations between individual emitters are also discussed
Low-frequency Elastic and Thermomechanical Analysis of Ni-Mn-In(Co) Single Crystalsâ
Martensitic transformation (MT) in Ni 45.0 Mn 36.7 In 13.3 Co 5.0 single crystals (SC) has been characterized by DSC and X-ray diffraction. Their elastic and thermomechanical properties have been investigated by a low-frequency dynamic-mechanical analysis in a tensile mode and by static mechanical compression made at different temperatures. The Young's modulus of the order of 10 GPa was measured in tensile tests along crystallographic axis of austenite showing soft behavior in a broad temperature range whereby revealing a lattice instability similar to the classical Ni-Mn-Ga alloys. The compression tests along , and directions have shown that despite a high brittleness the samples exhibit large martensitic plasticity, rubber-like behavior and superelasticity
Strongly nonlinear dynamics of electrolytes in large ac voltages
We study the response of a model micro-electrochemical cell to a large ac
voltage of frequency comparable to the inverse cell relaxation time. To bring
out the basic physics, we consider the simplest possible model of a symmetric
binary electrolyte confined between parallel-plate blocking electrodes,
ignoring any transverse instability or fluid flow. We analyze the resulting
one-dimensional problem by matched asymptotic expansions in the limit of thin
double layers and extend previous work into the strongly nonlinear regime,
which is characterized by two novel features - significant salt depletion in
the electrolyte near the electrodes and, at very large voltage, the breakdown
of the quasi-equilibrium structure of the double layers. The former leads to
the prediction of "ac capacitive desalination", since there is a time-averaged
transfer of salt from the bulk to the double layers, via oscillating diffusion
layers. The latter is associated with transient diffusion limitation, which
drives the formation and collapse of space-charge layers, even in the absence
of any net Faradaic current through the cell. We also predict that steric
effects of finite ion sizes (going beyond dilute solution theory) act to
suppress the strongly nonlinear regime in the limit of concentrated
electrolytes, ionic liquids and molten salts. Beyond the model problem, our
reduced equations for thin double layers, based on uniformly valid matched
asymptotic expansions, provide a useful mathematical framework to describe
additional nonlinear responses to large ac voltages, such as Faradaic
reactions, electro-osmotic instabilities, and induced-charge electrokinetic
phenomena.Comment: 30 pages, 17 eps-figures, RevTe
Influence of intermartensitic transitions on transport properties of Ni2.16Mn0.84Ga alloy
Magnetic, transport, and x-ray diffraction measurements of ferromagnetic
shape memory alloy NiMnGa revealed that this alloy undergoes
an intermartensitic transition upon cooling, whereas no such a transition is
observed upon subsequent heating. The difference in the modulation of the
martensite forming upon cooling from the high-temperature austenitic state
[5-layered (5M) martensite], and the martensite forming upon the
intermartensitic transition [7-layered (7M) martensite] strongly affects the
magnetic and transport properties of the alloy and results in a large thermal
hysteresis of the resistivity and magnetization . The
intermartensitic transition has an especially marked influence on the transport
properties, as is evident from a large difference in the resistivity of the 5M
and 7M martensite, , which is larger than the jump of resistivity at
the martensitic transition from the cubic austenitic phase to the monoclinic 5M
martensitic phase. We assume that this significant difference in between
the martensitic phases is accounted for by nesting features of the Fermi
surface. It is also suggested that the nesting hypothesis can explain the
uncommon behavior of the resistivity at the martensitic transition, observed in
stoichiometric and near-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Ga alloys.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, REVTEX
Ferromagnetism in (In,Mn)As Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Thin Films Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
In1-xMnxAs diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) thin films have been grown
using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE).
Tricarbonyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)manganese was used as the Mn source.
Nominally single-phase, epitaxial films were achieved with Mn content as high
as x=0.14 using growth temperatures Tg>475 C. For lower growth temperatures and
higher Mn concentrations, nanometer scale MnAs precipitates were detected
within the In1-xMnxAs matrix. Magnetic properties of the films were
investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)
magnetometer. Room-temperature ferromagnetic order was observed in a sample
with x=0.1. Magnetization measurements indicated a Curie temperature of 333 K
and a room-temperature saturation magnetization of 49 emu/cm^3. The remnant
magnetization and the coercive field were small, with values of 10 emu/cm^3 and
400 Oe, respectively. A mechanism for this high-temperature ferromagnetism is
discussed in light of the recent theory based on the formation of small
clusters of a few magnetic atoms.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in JVST
Magnetic field dependence of galfenol elastic properties
Elastic shear moduli measurements on Fe100âxGax (x = 12â33) single crystals (via resonant ultrasound spectroscopy) with and without a magnetic field and within 4â300 K are reported. The pronounced softening of the tetragonal shear modulus câČ is concluded to be, based on magnetoelastic coupling, the cause of the second peak in the tetragonal magnetostriction constant λ100 near x = 28. Exceedingly high ÎE effects ( ⌠25%), combined with the extreme softness in câČ (câČ\u3c10âGPa), suggest structural changes take place, yet, gradual in nature, as the moduli show a smooth dependence on Ga concentration, temperature, and magnetic field. Shear anisotropy (c44/câČ) as high as 14.7 was observed for Fe71.2Ga28.8
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