Identifying and categorising profane words in hate speech

This study attempts to explore the different types of Hate Speech appearing in social media by identifying profane words used in hate speech. This study also compares the profane words used in different generations to assist in identifying the user's profile. Five-hundred (500) comments posted on YouTube on the abusive topics were collected. Profane words are classified into eight different types of hate speech. The finding shows 35% of profane words found in our sample are words related to sexual orientation. Comparison of the terms between 1970 and 2017 also show a high percentage of profane words are sexual orientation. Though the results are found based on only 500 comments collected from YouTube link in the current study, they are useful in establishing the list of profane words which will serve as the base for automatic hate speech identification in our future study. The originality of this research is the development of a training list of profane words for each category and comparison of the type of the words used in 1970 century with today's social media platform

A new class of pluripotent stem cell cytotoxic small molecules

10.1371/journal.pone.0085039PLoS ONE93-POLN

Genetic Drivers of Heterogeneity in Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P \u3c 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care

Genetic drivers of heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases of T2D. We identify 1,289 independent association signals at genome-wide significance (P &lt; 5 × 10-8) that map to 611 loci, of which 145 loci are, to our knowledge, previously unreported. We define eight non-overlapping clusters of T2D signals that are characterized by distinct profiles of cardiometabolic trait associations. These clusters are differentially enriched for cell-type-specific regions of open chromatin, including pancreatic islets, adipocytes, endothelial cells and enteroendocrine cells. We build cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores5 in a further 279,552 individuals of diverse ancestry, including 30,288 cases of T2D, and test their association with T2D-related vascular outcomes. Cluster-specific partitioned polygenic scores are associated with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease and end-stage diabetic nephropathy across ancestry groups, highlighting the importance of obesity-related processes in the development of vascular outcomes. Our findings show the value of integrating multi-ancestry genome-wide association study data with single-cell epigenomics to disentangle the aetiological heterogeneity that drives the development and progression of T2D. This might offer a route to optimize global access to genetically informed diabetes care.</p

European polygenic risk score for prediction of breast cancer shows similar performance in Asian women

Abstract: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been shown to predict breast cancer risk in European women, but their utility in Asian women is unclear. Here we evaluate the best performing PRSs for European-ancestry women using data from 17,262 breast cancer cases and 17,695 controls of Asian ancestry from 13 case-control studies, and 10,255 Chinese women from a prospective cohort (413 incident breast cancers). Compared to women in the middle quintile of the risk distribution, women in the highest 1% of PRS distribution have a ~2.7-fold risk and women in the lowest 1% of PRS distribution has ~0.4-fold risk of developing breast cancer. There is no evidence of heterogeneity in PRS performance in Chinese, Malay and Indian women. A PRS developed for European-ancestry women is also predictive of breast cancer risk in Asian women and can help in developing risk-stratified screening programmes in Asia

Essays on voluntary disclosure information asymmetry, corporate governance and the securities market in Singapore.

Three studies conducted to examine the market effects of increased voluntary disclosure as well as if firm disclosure policies improve with greater board independence in a Singaporean context.Master of Accountanc

Organizational continuity and change of chinese business organizations in Singapore

The objective of this research is to study the persistence and change of the organizational and business strategies of Chinese business organizations (CBOs). In this research, we propose that while Chinese business organization (CBOs) expand, they are likely to maintain family ownership and control, while changing in terms of their management and networking strategies

Analysis of the Triple Helix model and Cabral-Dahab Paradigm in the context of Singapore Science Park.

This project analyses the two frameworks, Triple Helix Model and Cabral-Dahab Paradigm, which aims to explain the success of Science Parks all over the world. With the two framework in mind, the authors try to apply the frameworks in the context of Singapore Science Park, examining if the ten elements (as proposed by Cabral-Dahab Paradigm) really exist in the park and value of their existence

Effects of prior voluntary disclosure on earnings announcements in an environment with low information and regulation

This study examines the association between levels of annual report voluntary disclosure and the market reaction to the next interim earnings announcement in a market with both low regulation and analyst following. We examine the first order effects of voluntary disclosure by using direct measures for both the level of voluntary disclosure, and the market effects of such disclosure. The results show that preannouncement voluntary disclosure significantly reduces the price and volume reactions in the earnings announcement period, and is consistent with the Kim and Verrecchia (1991a) framework and the Atiase and Bamber (1994) empirical findings. We extend the analysis to investigate trading behavior during the earnings announcement period, and observe the trading behavior predicted by Kim and Verrecchia (1991b, 1994). We conclude that voluntary disclosure in annual reports can be regarded as an important determinant of preannouncement information precision in markets with low regulation and analyst following, and observe the expected trading behavior as modeled in Kim and Verrecchia (1991a), and extended in Kim and Verrecchia (1991b, 1994).Level of voluntary disclosure Earnings announcement Market reaction Preannouncement information Analyst following Precision

Venture capital opportunities in Nanning high technology incubator.

87 p.The objective of our research is to provide venture capitalists a reference in their search for business opportunities in Nanning, Guangxi, and specifically in the Nanning New Technology Incubation Centre. Our research shows an opportunity for venture capital (VC) funding of enterprises in the Nanning high technology sector and we made recommendation on how to convert this opportunity. We conducted background research on the determinants of competitiveness following the Porter's Diamond Model. Our interview with various parties of interests in Guangxi revealed that source of financing is a clear undeveloped input factor.Master of Business Administratio