Recaptured Raw Screen Image and Video Demoir\'eing via Channel and Spatial Modulations

Capturing screen contents by smartphone cameras has become a common way for information sharing. However, these images and videos are often degraded by moir\'e patterns, which are caused by frequency aliasing between the camera filter array and digital display grids. We observe that the moir\'e patterns in raw domain is simpler than those in sRGB domain, and the moir\'e patterns in raw color channels have different properties. Therefore, we propose an image and video demoir\'eing network tailored for raw inputs. We introduce a color-separated feature branch, and it is fused with the traditional feature-mixed branch via channel and spatial modulations. Specifically, the channel modulation utilizes modulated color-separated features to enhance the color-mixed features. The spatial modulation utilizes the feature with large receptive field to modulate the feature with small receptive field. In addition, we build the first well-aligned raw video demoir\'eing (RawVDemoir\'e) dataset and propose an efficient temporal alignment method by inserting alternating patterns. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance for both image and video demori\'eing. We have released the code and dataset in https://github.com/tju-chengyijia/VD_raw

Change of transcription factor EB activity and autophagy in hippocampus of type 2 diabetic encephalopathy mice

Objective·To investigate the changes of transcription factor EB (TFEB), the activity of the upstream proteins and autophagy in the hippocampus of mice with type 2 diabetic encephalopathy.Methods·Twenty healthy 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group and control (CON) group, with 10 mice in each group. The T2DM group was fed with high fat feed and injected with streptozotocin (STZ); the CON group was fed with ordinary diet and injected with equal-volume sodium citrate buffer. The random blood glucose level and the body weight were measured on the mice in both groups weekly. In the 10th week, the Morris water maze behavioral experiments were performed. Then, the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was carried out. The blood and hippocampus samples were collected after the mice were sacrificed. The plasma insulin content was detected by the ELISA kit. The protein levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau protein, phospho-tau (p-tau) protein, autophagy-lysosome-related proteins [including lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), microtubule-related protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), and P62], TFEB, p-TFEB, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, and mucolipin TRP cation channel 1 (MCOLN1) in the hippocampus were detected by Western blotting. The deposition of β-peptide (Aβ) and p-tau proteins in the hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence staining.Results·Compared with the CON group, the body weight, the random blood glucose level, the plasma insulin level, and the IPGTT results were significantly increased in the T2DM group (P<0.05). In the water maze experiments, the escape latency of the T2DM group in the place navigation increased, and the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of times crossing the platform in the spatial probe decreased (P<0.05), indicating that the ability of learning and memory of mice was damaged in the T2DM group. The levels of Aβ, APP, tau, p-tau, P62, p-TFEB, mTOR and p-mTOR proteins, and the ratios of p-tau/tau and p-mTOR/mTOR significantly increased, while the expression of LAMP1, TFEB and MCOLN1 and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ prominently decreased in the hippocampus of mice in the T2DM group in comparison with the CON group (P<0.05).Conclusion·Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathy is observed in the hippocampus of diabetic encephalopathy mice, along with decreased TFEB activity, down-regulated autophagy function, decreased expression of MCOLN1, and enhanced mTOR activity in the hippocampus

Mutagenetic analysis of the biosynthetic pathway of tetramate bripiodionen bearing 3-(2H-pyran-2-ylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione skeleton

Peer reviewe

Geological Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Deep Shale Gas Enrichment of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Southern Sichuan Basin, China

AbstractTo identify the factors controlling high-quality deep shale gas reservoirs and the exploration and development potential of the Lower Paleozoic marine shale in the Sichuan Basin, the sedimentary environment of deep shale was comprehensively analysed using core thin sections, scanning electron microscopy, gamma ray spectrometry logging, and elemental logging data. In addition, the geological conditions of deep shale gas accumulation and the effect of tectonic processes on the preservation conditions are discussed based on the experimental data of mineral composition analysis, geochemical features, and reservoir spatial characteristics. (1) The sedimentary environment changes from an anoxic water environment to an oxygen-rich oxidizing environment from bottom to top in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan. The deep shale gas reservoir shows overpressure and rich gas characteristics, namely, high formation pressure (2.0~2.2), high porosity (20%~55%), and high gas content (4.0~5.0 m3/t). (2) The favourable sedimentary environment has a higher hydrocarbon generation potential and deposits of rich organic matter and siliceous particles. During the hydrocarbon generation process, the rich organic matter generates a large number of organic pores and a large specific surface area, which provides the main reservoir and adsorption space for free and adsorbed shale gas. A large number of biogenic siliceous particles provide a solid rock support framework for the shale reservoir, thereby maintaining excellent reservoir physical properties. (3) Late and small stratigraphic uplifts result in a short shale gas escape time and favourable preservation conditions. Additionally, the small-scale faults and a high-angle intersection between the fracture strike and the geostress direction are conducive to the preservation of shale gas. (4) A high formation pressure coefficient, a sedimentary environment rich in organic siliceous deep-water continental shelf microfacies, and a relatively stable tectonic structure are conducive to the accumulation of deep shale gas

Biosynthesis of depsipeptides with a 3-hydroxybenzoate moiety and selective anticancer activities involves a chorismatase.

Neoantimycins are anticancer compounds of 15-membered ring antimycin-type depsipeptides. They are biosynthesized by a hybrid multimodular protein complex of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS), typically from the starting precursor 3-formamidosalicylate. Examining fermentation extracts of Streptomyces conglobatus, here we discovered four new neoantimycin analogs, unantimycins B-E, in which 3-formamidosalicylates are replaced by an unusual 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA) moiety. Unantimycins B-E exhibited levels of anticancer activities similar to those of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin in human lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma cells. Notably, they mostly displayed no significant toxicity toward noncancerous cells, unlike the serious toxicities generally reported for antimycin-type natural products. Using site-directed mutagenesis and heterologous expression, we found that unantimycin productions are correlated with the activity of a chorismatase homolog, the nat-hyg5 gene, from a type I PKS gene cluster. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the catalytic activity of Nat-hyg5 generates 3-HBA from chorismate. Finally, we achieved selective production of unantimycins B and C by engineering a chassis host. On the basis of these findings, we propose that unantimycin biosynthesis is directed by the neoantimycin-producing NRPS-PKS complex and initiated with the starter unit of 3-HBA. The elucidation of the biosynthetic unantimycin pathway reported here paves the way to improve the yield of these compounds for evaluation in oncotherapeutic applications

Association of Magnesium Intake With Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality: Findings From the CARDIA Study

OBJECTIVES: As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been hypothesized to improve individuals’ sleep disturbances, a common health problem, through regulating the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. The objectives of this study were to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio with sleep quality and duration. METHODS: A total of 5115 American young adults, aged 18–30 years, were enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary information, including intakes of Mg and other nutrients, was obtained using the CARDIA dietary history at baseline (1985–86), year 7 (1992–93), and year 20 (2005–06). Sleep measures, including self-reported sleep quality and sleep duration, were collected at year 15 (2000–01) and year 20. Sleep quality was assessed on a scale of 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad), whereas sleep duration was grouped into three categories: 9 hours. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine the associations of interest. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential demographical, behavioral, and nutritional confounders, Mg intake was associated with better sleep quality [highest intake quartile (Q4) vs. lowest intake quartile (Q1): odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.50, P for trend = 0.052]. Participants in Q4 were also less likely to have short sleep (<7 hours) compared to those in Q1 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81, P for trend = 0.012). The observed association with short sleep persisted among participants without depressive disorders (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.82, P for trend <0.001), but not among individuals with depressive disorder. Ca-to-Mg intake ratio was not associated with either sleep quality or sleep duration regardless of depression status. CONCLUSIONS: Mg intake was associated with sleep quality and duration in this longitudinal analysis. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of sleep are warranted to establish the potential causal inference. FUNDING SOURCES: National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Human and animal exposure to newly discovered sand fly viruses, China

IntroductionThe Hedi virus (HEDV) and Wuxiang virus (WUXV) are newly discovered Bunyaviruses transmitted by sandflies. The geographical distribution of isolation of these two viruses continues to expand and it has been reported that WUXV causes neurological symptoms and even death in suckling mice. However, little is known about the prevalence of the two viruses in mammalian infections.MethodsIn order to understand the infection status of HEDV and WUXV in humans and animals from regions where the viruses have been isolated, this study used Western blotting to detect the positive rates of HEDV and WUXV IgG antibodies in serum samples from febrile patients, dogs, and chickens in the forementioned regions.ResultsThe results showed that of the 29 human serum samples, 17.24% (5/29) tested positive for HEDV, while 68.96% (20/29) were positive for WUXV. In the 31 dog serum samples, 87.10% (27/31) were positive for HEDV and 70.97% (22/31) were positive for WUXV, while in the 36 chicken serum samples, 47.22% (17/36) were positive for HEDV, and 52.78% (19/36) were positive for WUXV.DiscussionThese findings suggest there are widespread infections of HEDV and WUXV in mammals (dogs, chickens) and humans from the regions where these viruses have been isolated. Moreover, the positive rate of HEDV infections was higher in local animals compared to that measured in human specimens. This is the first seroepidemiological study of these two sandfly-transmitted viruses. The findings of the study have practical implications for vector-borne viral infections and related zoonotic infections in China, as well as providing an important reference for studies on the relationship between sandfly-transmitted viruses and zoonotic infections outside of China

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

RLXSS: Optimizing XSS Detection Model to Defend Against Adversarial Attacks Based on Reinforcement Learning

With the development of artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms are widely applied to attack detection models. Adversarial attacks against artificial intelligence models become inevitable problems when there is a lack of research on the cross-site scripting (XSS) attack detection model for defense against attacks. It is extremely important to design a method that can effectively improve the detection model against attack. In this paper, we present a method based on reinforcement learning (called RLXSS), which aims to optimize the XSS detection model to defend against adversarial attacks. First, the adversarial samples of the detection model are mined by the adversarial attack model based on reinforcement learning. Secondly, the detection model and the adversarial model are alternately trained. After each round, the newly-excavated adversarial samples are marked as a malicious sample and are used to retrain the detection model. Experimental results show that the proposed RLXSS model can successfully mine adversarial samples that escape black-box and white-box detection and retain aggressive features. What is more, by alternately training the detection model and the confrontation attack model, the escape rate of the detection model is continuously reduced, which indicates that the model can improve the ability of the detection model to defend against attacks

Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Inhibition toward Digestive Enzymes with Molecular Docking Analysis of Different Fractions from <i>Prinsepia utilis</i> Royle Fruits

The present study investigated the phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of different fractions from Prinsepia utilis Royle fruits using molecular docking analysis to delineate their inhibition toward digestive enzymes. A total of 20 phenolics was identified and quantified. Rutin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside were the major phenolic compounds in the total phenolic fraction and flavonoid-rich fraction. The anthocyanin-rich fraction mainly contained cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. All of the fractions exhibited strong radical scavenging activities and good inhibition on cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in H2O2-induced HepG2 cells, as evaluated by DPPH and 2,2&#8242;-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Moreover, the powerful inhibitory effects of those fractions against pancreatic lipase and &#945;-glucosidase were observed. The major phenolic compounds that were found in the three fractions also showed good digestive enzyme inhibitory activities in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking analysis revealed the underlying inhibition mechanisms of those phenolic standards against digestive enzymes, and the theoretical analysis data were consistent with the experimental results