Face-to-face, online, and hybrid designs for mentoring

The purpose of this study was to investigate how face-to-face (F2F) coaching and online mentoring influences teacher professional development and learning. "A TIME for Physics First" (PF) is a 5-year National Science Foundation (NSF) funded project, which focuses on developing 9th grade science teachers to become teacher leaders and build physics content knowledge integrated with inquiry, modeling, and technology. The PF project provides coaching (F2F) and mentoring (online) to support to improve teaching and learning. The overarching question guiding this study is: What affordances do F2F and online venues provide to a professional development project in terms of mentoring? The primary data were interview and field observation. Secondary data included the teacher self-reflection form, the classroom observation Form, monthly blogs, and artifacts. Based on the cross-case analysis of the two cases, I made the following assertions: (1) the types of questions that were asked in F2F and online post-observation discussion were very similar. The quality of those discussions is influenced by the venue and the context, (2) classroom observation is an essential component for coaching and mentoring designs, (3) effective coaching or mentoring includes time for meaningful post-observation discussions, and (4) A hybrid design, employing both F2F and online venues, provides efficient support of teachers. The hybrid mentoring and PLC design include: (1) online pre-observation report, (2) F2F classroom observation, (3) online post-observation discussion with a Mentor Observation Form and a Teacher Reflection Form, and (4) online PLC meetings with periodic F2F meetings. Evidence from the data suggests that hybrid design provides the flexibility and opportunities to optimize high quality professional development, while overcoming the limitations of single venue forms of support provided by coaching and mentoring.Includes bibliographical references (pages 130-138)

Viewing the Labor Law Reform in China From a Perspective of Legal Globalization

After the cold war, the trends of legal globalization became more and more obvious. People’s Republic of China (PRC) began its connection with the international community and the global market, and its legal reform after the launch of the “reform and opening-up” policy. By examining China’s labor law reform, we can see how legal globalization has influenced China’s legal system. China introduced and transplanted many institutions, terms of ILO conventions during its labor law reform. It also accepted many principles and conceptions of ILO conventions in its labor law and constitutional law, which would shape China’s labor law reform. Multinational corporations (MNC) and transnational civil society organizations (TCSO) influenced Chinese labor law reform through lobbying, advocacy, public education, and litigations. Informal norms such as Corporate Social Responsibility standards developed by MNCs and TSCOs also inspired Chinese legislators to improve China’s labor law and Chinese SCOs or business associations to develop labor standards to fill the gaps in China’s labor law and regulations. In conclusion, in the age of legal globalization, the labor law reform in China is a kind of legal transplantation. International norms, actions by multinational corporations and transnational civil society, and their informal norms together constitute the force which promotes the transplantation and the reform of China’s legal system.  Key Words: legal globalization, global governance, labor law, law refor

A second ortho­rhom­bic polymorph of 3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine

The present crystal structure is the second ortho­rhom­bic polymorph of the title compound, C14H12N4. Whereas the structure in Pnma with Z′ = 0.5 is already known [Ikemi et al. (2002 ▶). Heterocycl. Commun. 8, 439–442], the present structure crystallizes in the space group Pbca with Z′ = 1. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 23.5 (4)° and the dihedral angles between central ring and the phenyl rings are 41.0 (3) and 26.3 (5)°. In the 4-amino-1,2,4-trizole fragment, the C=N distances are 1.321 (3) and 1.315 (3) Å, which are much shorter than the C—N distances of 1.367 (3) and 1.357 (3) Å. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

Tris(ethyl­enediamine)zinc(II) dichloride monohydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Zn(C2H8N2)3]Cl2·H2O, contains a discrete [Zn(C2H8N2)3]2+ cation with a distorted octa­hedral geometry around Zn, two uncoordinated chloride ions and one water mol­ecule. The crystal structure exhibits N—H⋯O, N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

catena-Poly[[triaqua­zinc(II)]-μ-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxyl­ato]

In the title compound, [Zn(C4HN3O4)(H2O)3]n, each ZnII atom adopts a distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry, being surrounded by one chelating and one monodentate 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxyl­ate ligand and three water mol­ecules. Adjacent ZnII cations are linked by a 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dicarboxyl­ate ligand in a μ2,κ3 fashion to form a chain running along the c axis. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

XRCC1, but not APE1 and hOGG1 gene polymorphisms is a risk factor for pterygium.

PurposeEpidemiological evidence suggests that UV irradiation plays an important role in pterygium pathogenesis. UV irradiation can produce a wide range of DNA damage. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is considered the most important pathway involved in the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Based on previous studies, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8-oxoguanine glycosylase-1 (OGG1), X-ray repair cross-complementing-1 (XRCC1), and AP-endonuclease-1 (APE1) genes in the BER pathway have been found to affect the individual sensitivity to radiation exposure and induction of DNA damage. Therefore, we hypothesize that the genetic polymorphisms of these repair genes increase the risk of pterygium.MethodsXRCC1, APE1, and hOGG1 polymorphisms were studied using fluorescence-labeled Taq Man probes on 83 pterygial specimens and 206 normal controls.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the case and control groups in the XRCC1 genotype (p=0.038) but not in hOGG1 (p=0.383) and APE1 (p=0.898). The odds ratio of the XRCC1 A/G polymorphism was 2.592 (95% CI=1.225-5.484, p=0.013) and the G/G polymorphism was 1.212 (95% CI=0.914-1.607), compared to the A/A wild-type genotype. Moreover, individuals who carried at least one C-allele (A/G and G/G) had a 1.710 fold increased risk of developing pterygium compared to those who carried the A/A wild type genotype (OR=1.710; 95% CI: 1.015-2.882, p=0.044). The hOGG1 and APE1 polymorphisms did not have an increased odds ratio compared with the wild type.ConclusionsXRCC1 (Arg399 Glu) is correlated with pterygium and might become a potential marker for the prediction of pterygium susceptibility

catena-Poly[manganese(II)-(μ2-3,5-di-2-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazol­ato)-μ2-formato]

Owing to the presence of crystallographic twofold rotation axes (site symmetry 2, Wyckoff letters e and f), the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Mn(C12H8N5)(CHO2)]n, contains one-half of an MnII cation, one-half of a bpt anion (Hbpt is 3,5-di-2-pyridyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole) and one-half of a formate anion. The bpt and formate ligands occupy the same C 2 symmetry, while the MnII ion resides on another crystallographic twofold rotation axis. Each bpt ligand acts as a cis-bis-chelate to ligate two MnII ions into a one-dimensional chain running along the crystallographic 41 screw axis. Adjacent MnII ions are further bridged by a μ2-formate ligand, completing the distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry of the cation