Measurements of laminar flame speeds of acetone/methane/air mixtures

The effect of acetone on the laminar flame speed of methane/air mixtures is investigated over a range of stoichiometries at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The liquid acetone is vaporised and seeded into the methane/air mixture at 5%, 9% and 20% of the total fuel by mole. The experiment is performed using the jet-wall stagnation flame configuration and the particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) technique. Laminar flame speeds are derived by extrapolating the reference flame speed back to zero strain rate. Experimental results are compared to numerically calculated values using a base methane chemical kinetic mechanism (GRI-Mech 3.0) extended with acetone oxidation and pyrolysis reactions from the literature. The experimental results show that acetone addition does not affect the laminar flame speed of methane significantly within the range of concentrations considered, with a stronger effect on the rich range than under fuel-lean conditions, and that the peak laminar flame speed of acetone in air is ~42.5 cm/s at ϕ = 1.2. Simulation results reveal that the most important reactions determining acetone laminar flame speeds are H + O2 → O + OH, OH + CO → H + CO2, HO2 + CH3 → OH + CH3O and H + O2 + H2O → HO2 + H2O. Comparison of the expected disappearance of acetone relative to methane shows that the former is a good fluorescent marker for the latter

Complete Momentum-Balance Analysis of Permeate Flux for Ultrafiltration in Hollow-Fiber Modules

[[abstract]]The predicting equations for the declines of transmembrane pressure and permeate flux in hollow-fiber ultrafilters were derived from the complete momentum balance with the consideration of the rate of momentum transfer by convection, instead of simply applying Hagen-Poiseuille theory without the consideration of the effect of permeation on fluid flow, resulting in improved prediction. The assumption of laminar flow in the fiber tubes was examined.[[notice]]補正完畢[[incitationindex]]SCI[[incitationindex]]EI[[booktype]]紙

Baroque Pianism: Perspectives on Playing Baroque Keyboard Music on the Piano, with Emphasis on Bach’s Fugues in the \u3ci\u3eWell-Tempered Clavier\u3c/i\u3e

In a famous quote, Schumann described the fugues in Bach\u27s Well-tempered Clavier as pianists’ “daily bread.” This dissertation explains how these fugues can be pianists’ practical daily bread by encouraging them to explore a virtuosity of subtlety. I assert that the compositional complexity in these fugues increases pianistic challenges in both interpretive and technical aspects; these challenges can lead pianists to explore a multi-faced pianistic awareness in a way that they may not encounter when performing other styles of music

A Simplified Formula for Mean Difference

【Abstract】SOME STATISTICIANS have advocated the use of the quantity called “mean difference” in place of the commonly used mean deviation or standard deviation as a measure of the tendency of the spreading of a set of statistical data. The formula for this quantity as given in statistical books is rather long and not amenable to routine computation. By using a simple formula from the calculus of finite differences, a new relation for the computation of the sum of the differences between any two values of a set of N items when the latter are grouped into class intervals having the same length is obtained. By definition, this sum divided by the number of pairs of items in the set is their mean difference

Development of a Whey-Based Lactic Culture Medium Capable of Bacteriophage Inhibition

A whey product has been formulated for use as a lactic starter medium. Phosphate-treated whey medium (PWM) has been shown to support growth of lactic cultures and prevent phage proliferation. Comparisons were made of a commercial phage inhibitory medium (PIM), reconstituted non-fat dry milk (NDM) and PWM. PWM inhibited all phages tested and stimulated starter growth. PWM was not as stimulating as PIM but was better than NDM. Good Cheddar cheese has been made using PWM. PWM is more economical than PIM but NDM is the most economical one if cheese yield is considered

Relative Performance Information, Advice-Seeking, and Trust in the Supervisor

Relative performance information (RPI) is commonly provided or available in many organizations. While RPI can be viewed as a control that firms use to influence employee effort and performance, the presence of RPI may also encourage employees to seek advice from the supervisor, which in turn breeds employees’ trust in the supervisor. This study investigates how RPI influences employee advice-seeking as well as how such advice-seeking affects trust in the supervisor. Using a laboratory experiment, I find that RPI motivates the non-bottom performing employees (i.e., top and middle performers) to seek advice from their supervisor more frequently. In contrast, the bottom performing employees are not significantly affected by RPI to seek advice. I also find that the non-bottom performing employees’ advice-seeking frequency positively influences their trust in the supervisor. Mediation analysis reveals that RPI has a positive effect on the non-bottom performing employees’ trust in the supervisor and this positive effect is mediated by their advice-seeking behavior. I discuss the implications of my findings for accounting theory and practice

Whispering Messengers: Everyone has a bunny

How can I connect people through my art? My research focuses on the “bonds” of relations. The intent is for my art to become a bond to connect people. Compared to just walking around and staring at the artwork, I believe that experience with touch and play can impact audiences more directly. The idea of my work is based on the experience of passing notes to exchange messages When I was a student I wrote notes to friends, then folded the note to create an origami form before passing them to the recipient. The origami from transformed the note into a gift, loaded with emotion, feeling, and wishes while also containing the content so that only the intended recipient could read the message. The presentation of my work is arranged into three sections: Static Area, Playground Area, and Statue Area. Among them, The Static Area attracts visitors the most. The area demonstrates how to make a bunny origami. Due to time restrictions and the availability of multiple activities in the exhibition, I do not ask my audience to perform every activity. Understanding is obtained by watching the video or exploration. If visitors start to fold an origami, which is not an easy task, they might ask for help from whoever is next to them. After that, they might or might not make a bunny successfully. When people begin to help each other finish the origami, the bond is created