On the quantum reflection factor for the sinh-Gordon model with general boundary conditions

The one loop quantum corrections to the classical reflection factor of the sinh-Gordon model are calculated partially for general boundary conditions. The model is studied under boundary conditions which are compatible with integrability, and in the framework of the conventional perturbation theory generalized to the affine Toda field theory. It is found that the general form of the related quantum corrections are hypergeometric functions.Comment: 32 pages and 1 figure. LaTex2

Second order quantum corrections to the classical reflection factor of the sinh-Gordon model

The sinh-Gordon model on a half-line with integrable boundary conditions is considered in low order perturbation theory developed in affine Toda field theory. The quantum corrections to the classical reflection factor of the model are studied up to the second order in the difference of the two boundary parameters and to one loop order in the bulk coupling. It is noticed that the general form of the second order quantum corrections are consistent with Ghoshal's formula.Comment: 24 pages and 1 figure. LaTex2

Quantum corrections to the classical reflection factor of the sinh-Gordon model

This thesis studies the quantum reflection factor of the sinh-Gordon model under boundary conditions consistent with integrability. First, we review the affine Toda field theory in Chapter One. In particular, the classical and quantum integrability of the theory are reviewed on the whole line and on the half-line as well, that is, in the presence of a boundary. We next consider the sinh-Gordon model which is restricted to a half-line by boundary conditions maintaining integrability in Chapter Two. A perturbative calculation of the reflection factor is given to one loop order in the bulk coupling and to first order in the difference of the two parameters introduced at the boundary. The result provides a further verification of Ghoshal's formula. The calculation is consistent with a conjecture for the general dependence of the reflection factor on the boundary parameters and the bulk coupling. In Chapter Three, quantum corrections to the classical reflection factor of the sinh-Gordon model are studied up to second order in the difference of boundary data and to one loop order in the bulk coupling. Chapter Four deals with the quantum reflection factor for the sinh-Gordon model with general boundary conditions. The model is studied under boundary conditions which are compatible with integrability and in the framework of the conventional perturbation theory generalised to the affine Toda field theory. It is found that the general form of a subset of the related quantum corrections are hypergeometric functions. Finally, we sum up this thesis in Chapter Five along with some conclusions and suggestions for further future studies

First order quantum corrections to the classical reflection factor of the sinh-Gordon model

The sinh-Gordon model is restricted to a half-line by boundary conditions maintaining integrability. A perturbative calculation of the reflection factor is given to one loop order in the bulk coupling and to first order in the difference of the two parameters introduced at the boundary, providing a further verification of Ghoshal's formula. The calculation is consistent with a conjecture for the general dependence of the reflection factor on the boundary parameters and the bulk coupling.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figur

On perturbative quantum field theory with boundary

Boundary quantum field theory is investigated in the Lagrangian framework. Models are defined perturbatively around the Neumann boundary condition. The analyticity properties of the Green functions are analyzed: Landau equations, Cutkosky rules together with the Coleman-Norton interpretation are derived. Illustrative examples as well as argument for the equivalence with other perturbative expansions are presented.Comment: 29 pages, 19 eps and 11 pstex figures v2: some references and comments added, misprints correcte

Klein-Gordon Equation with Superintegrable Systems: Kepler-Coulomb, Harmonic Oscillator, and Hyperboloid

We study the two-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation with spin symmetry in the presence of the superintegrable potentials. On Euclidean space, the SO(3) group generators of the Schrödinger-like equation with the Kepler-Coulomb potential are represented. In addition, by Levi-Civita transformation, the Schrödinger-like equation with harmonic oscillator which is dual to the Kepler-Coulomb potential and the SU(2) group generators of associated system are studied. Also, we construct the quadratic algebra of the hyperboloid superintegrable system. Then, we obtain the corresponding Casimir operators and the structure functions and the relativistic energy spectra of the corresponding quasi-Hamiltonians by using the quadratic algebra approach

Risk Factors and Prevention of Pulmonary Embolism in Young Adults

Objective: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) importance is due to some reasons, first, it is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, second it has high mortality and morbidity especially in some situations and third, prevention of this event is applicable and effective in most cases. The aim of this study was evaluation of predisposing factors of pulmonary emboli in young patients and defining preventive strategies in this age group. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, recorded data including age, sex, presentation month, chief complaint, vital signs at admission, positive findings of physical examination, venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk factors, laboratory and imaging findings of patients with pulmonary embolism diagnosis who had 45 years old or less from March 2008 to March 2014 in Shahid Madani Heart hospital, Tabriz, Iran were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done via SPSS version 21. Results: Eight hundred seventy patients had pulmonary emboli diagnosis during study period, 101 of them were ≤ 45 years old. Fifty-three patients were men and 48 of them were women. Mean age of patients was 33.6 years. Abnormal lower limb was the most frequent positive finding at physical examination. The important risk factor in women was hormonal change due to pregnancy or oral contraceptive pill use which was present in 50% of females. Smoking and immobilization due to surgery or trauma were the most common risk factor in men. Women had higher pulse rate (113.53± 21.84 vs 101.33 ± 20.27, P = 0.005) and lower hemoglobin (11.76 ± 2.00 vs 13.52 ± 2.21, P = 0.000) than men. The overall mortality rate was 10.8%. Conclusion: Although all the risk factors of pulmonary emboli were not evaluated in our patients but the determined ones seem to be modifiable in majority of cases

Associated factors with delayed door to balloon time in STEMI patients

Introduction: The time interval from hospital arrival to the balloon inflation of catheter in coronary arteries is defined as Door to Balloon Time (DBT). Door to balloon time is a marker of primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) timeliness. Door to balloon time duration, associated factors and it’s relation to outcomes are not similar in various centers. Herein we aimed to define these issues in our region. Methods: In this study, 188 patients with ST Elevation Myocardial infarction (STEMI) diagnosis eligible for primary PCI were included. Demographic, clinical and time intervals from arrival in hospital to catheterization data of patients were recorded. Patients were followed for six-month in terms of mortality and admission. Results: After excluding patients with missed data, 174 patients were entered in the study. Mean age of patients were 60.8±11.81 years and 78% of patients were male. Median DBT was 70 minutes (IQR 25-75: 55-97 minute). One hundred and twenty three patients (71%) had timely door to balloon time. Patients with delayed door to balloon time had lower age, lower prevalence of typical chest pain and higher prevalence of PCI on Left Circumflex Artery (LCX) than timely group but these differences were not significant. (p values were 0.068, 0.074 and 0.070 respectively). Delayed DBT was evident in three segments of door to ECG, ECG to code and code to cath times (p values were, < 0.0001, 0.009 and < 0.0001 respectively) but the cath to balloon time was not significantly different between two groups (p value: 0.159). Although in-hospital mortality was higher in delayed group than timely group but the difference was not meaningful. (11.7% vs 4.9%, p value: 0.103) Six-month mortality and admission rate were not different between two groups. Conclusion: Door to balloon time was acceptable in this study and was comparable to developed countries. Albeit there is room for improvement due to modifiable delayed parts

The two-boundary sine-Gordon model

We study in this paper the ground state energy of a free bosonic theory on a finite interval of length $R$ with either a pair of sine-Gordon type or a pair of Kondo type interactions at each boundary. This problem has potential applications in condensed matter (current through superconductor-Luttinger liquid-superconductor junctions) as well as in open string theory (tachyon condensation). While the application of Bethe ansatz techniques to this problem is in principle well known, considerable technical difficulties are encountered. These difficulties arise mainly from the way the bare couplings are encoded in the reflection matrices, and require complex analytic continuations, which we carry out in detail in a few cases.Comment: 34 pages (revtex), 8 figure