45 research outputs found
Polysaccharides obtained from mycelia of Cordyceps militaris attenuated doxorubicin-induced cytotoxic effects in chemotherapy
Objectives: Fungus Cordyceps militaris has been used as a herbal tonic in traditional Chinese medicine, which could be surfaceĀ liquid-cultured for mycelia production. To evaluate the potential of polysaccharides obtained from mycelia of Cordyceps militarisĀ (PS-MCM) for attenuation of side-effects of chemotherapy.Methods: Doxorubicin was used to induce cytotoxicity in THP-1 monocytes and EL-4 T cells, and the effects of PS-MCM onĀ cell viability and cytokine production were detected on doxorubicin-treated THP-1 and EL-4 cells.Results: PS-MCM reduced doxorubicin-induced cell death and promoted cell proliferation in THP-1 and EL-4 cells. Moreover,Ā PS-MCM elevated the level of cytokines associated with immune-modulation of THP-1 and EL-4 cells.Conclusion: These findings indicate that PS-MCM has potential for development as a functional food to counteract side effectsĀ of chemotherapy.Keywords: Cordyceps militaris, traditional Chinese medicine, doxorubicin, chemotherapy, immunotherapy
PRE-TREATMENT TEMPERATURE AND MULTI-RESPONSE SURFACE OPTIMISATION OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF ANTIOXIDANTS FROM RED DATES
Ziziphus jujube known as red dates are natural flora, are a rich source of antioxidant bioactive compounds and are widely used in making Chinese traditional medicine. However, the optimization of extraction conditions and demonstration of extraction kinetics of red dates remains a gap. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to enhance the antioxidant activity via DPPH, crude extract yield, and TPC by response surface methodology (RSM). Also, mathematical modeling of the TPC extraction kinetics was performed. Single-factor experiments were adopted to identify the preliminary RSM ranges of four extraction parameters such as liquid-solid ratio (10, 20, and 30 ml/g), extraction temperature (50, 60 and 70Ā°C), time (40, 50 and 60min), and ultrasonic power (70, 80 and 90%). The extraction kinetics based on RSM optimized conditions were modeled into six extraction kinetic models. As result, the highest crude extract yield (4.56 g), highest TPC (0.023 g GAE/g extract), and highest antioxidant activity (85.88%) were obtained at 60ĀŗC. The optimum values were liquid-solid ratio 30ml/g, extraction temperature 60Ā°C, time 60 min, and ultrasonic power 70%. The antioxidant activity of red dates after optimization (90.59%) was higher than that of synthetic antioxidants, Butylated Hydroxytoluene (84.71%), and Butylated Hydroxyanisole (77.73%). Furthermore, the best-fitted kinetic model was the second-order kinetic model due to its coefficient of determination (R2) at 0.9849, being the closest to 1 and its root mean square error (RMSE) was the lowest, 0.001028 among other models
Polysaccharides obtained from mycelia of Cordyceps militaris attenuated doxorubicin-induced cytotoxic effects in chemotherapy
Objectives: Fungus Cordyceps militaris has been used as a herbal tonic
in traditional Chinese medicine, which could be surface liquid-cultured
for mycelia production. To evaluate the potential of polysaccharides
obtained from mycelia of Cordyceps militaris (PS-MCM) for attenuation
of side-effects of chemotherapy. Methods: Doxorubicin was used to
induce cytotoxicity in THP-1 monocytes and EL-4 T cells, and the
effects of PS-MCM on cell viability and cytokine production were
detected on doxorubicin-treated THP-1 and EL-4 cells. Results: PS-MCM
reduced doxorubicin-induced cell death and promoted cell proliferation
in THP-1 and EL-4 cells. Moreover, PS-MCM elevated the level of
cytokines associated with immune-modulation of THP-1 and EL-4 cells.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that PS-MCM has potential for
development as a functional food to counteract side effects of
chemotherapy. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.40 Cite as:
Lin R-K, Choong C-Y, Hsu W-H, Tai C-J, Tai C-J. Polysaccharides
obtained from mycelia of Cordyceps militaris attenuated
doxorubicin-induced cytotoxic effects in chemotherapy. Afri Health
Sci.2019;19(2): 2156-2163. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i2.4
Preclinical Evaluation on the Tumor Suppression Efficiency and Combination Drug Effects of Fermented Wheat Germ Extract in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells
Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) is a nutrient supplement and a potential antitumor ingredient for developing an integrated chemotherapy with standard chemotherapeutic drugs for treating ovarian cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the tumor suppression efficiency of FWGE in human ovarian carcinoma cells, SKOV-3 and ES-2, and found the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) to be 643.76āĪ¼g/mL and 246.11āĪ¼g/mL after 48āh of FWGE treatment. FWGE treatment also induced programmed cell death by activating the caspase-7 cleavage in both SKOV-3 and ES-2 cells, but only caspase-3 and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavages were activated in SKOV-3 cells. Moreover, FWGE exhibited combination drug effects with cisplatin and docetaxel in SKOV-3 and ES-2 cells by enhancing the cytotoxicity of both drugs. In conclusion, we found that FWGE not only suppressed cell growth but also induced caspase-3-related and caspase-7-related cell death in human ovarian carcinoma cells. FWGE treatment further enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and docetaxel, suggesting that FWGE is a potential ingredient in the development of adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin or docetaxel for treating ovarian cancer patients
Toxic risk of stereotactic body radiotherapy and concurrent helical tomotherapy followed by erlotinib for non-small-cell lung cancer treatment - case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) applied by helical tomotherapy (HT) is feasible for lung cancer in clinical. Using SBRT concurrently with erlotinib for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not reported previously.</p> <p>Case Presentation</p> <p>A 77-year-old man with stage III NSCLC, received erlotinib 150 mg/day, combined with image-guided SBRT via HT. A total tumor dose of 54 Gy/9 fractions was delivered to the tumor bed. The tumor responded dramatically and the combined regimen was well tolerated. After concurrent erlotinib-SBRT, erlotinib was continued as maintenance therapy. The patient developed dyspnea three months after the combined therapy and radiation pneumonitis with interstitial lung disease was suspected.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Combination SBRT, HT, and erlotinib therapy provided effective anti-tumor results. Nonetheless, the potential risks of enhanced adverse effects between radiation and erlotinib should be monitored closely, especially when SBRT is part of the regimen.</p
Initial Visible and Mid-IR Characterization of P/2019 LDā (ATLAS), an Active Transitioning Centaur Among the Trojans, with Hubble, Spitzer, ZTF, Keck, APO and GROWTH Imaging and Spectroscopy
We present visible and mid-infrared imagery and photometry of Jovian co-orbital comet P/2019 LDā (ATLAS) taken with Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 on 2020 April 1, Spitzer Space Telescope/IRAC on 2020 January 25, Zwicky Transient Facility between 2019 April 9 and 2019 Nov 8 and the GROWTH telescope network from 2020 May to July, as well as visible spectroscopy from Keck/LRIS on 2020 August 19. Our observations indicate that LDā has a nucleus with radius 0.2-1.8 km assuming a 0.08 albedo and that the coma is dominated by ā¼100 Ī¼ m-scale dust ejected at ā¼1 m/s speeds with a ā¼1" jet pointing in the SW direction. LDā experienced a total dust mass loss of ā¼10āø kg and dust mass loss rate of ā¼6 kg/s with AfĻ/cross-section varying between ā¼85 cm/125 kmĀ² and ā¼200 cm/310 kmĀ² between 2019 April 9 and 2019 Nov 8. If the AfĻ/cross-section increase remained constant, it implies that LDā has remained active since ā¼2018 November when it came within 4.8 au of the Sun, a typical distance for comets to begin sublimation of HāO. From our 4.5 Ī¼m Spitzer observations, we set a limit on CO/COā gas production of ā¼10Ā²ā·/ā¼10Ā²ā¶ mol/s. Multiple bandpass photometry of LDā taken by the GROWTH network measured in a 10,000 km aperture provide color measurements of g-r = 0.59Ā±0.03, r-i = 0.18Ā±0.05, and i-z = 0.01Ā±0.07, colors typical of comets. We set a spectroscopic upper limit to the production of HāO gas of ā¼80 kg/s. Improving the orbital solution for LDā with our observations, we determine that the long-term orbit of LDā is that of a typical Jupiter Family Comet having close encounters with Jupiter coming within ā¼0.5 Hill radius in the last ā¼3 y to within 0.8 Hill radius in ā¼9 y and has a 95% chance of being ejected from the Solar System in < 10 Myr