Outage Probability Analysis for Two-antennas MISO-NOMA Downlink with Statistical CSI

International audienceIn this paper, we analyze the outage probability of the multiuser multiple-input single-output (MISO) down-link system by combining the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme. We derive tractable closed-form outage expressions given a minimum target rate for the individual users for the case of two antennas, by modeling cumulative distribution function (CDF) of received signal-to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Simulation results illustrate the outage performance for different power allocation scenarios and verify the accuracy of our outage probability analysis

Surface in-situ reconstruction of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 cathode materials interacting with antimony compounds and the electrochemical performances

Abstract(#br)Interfacial stability is regarded as one of the greatest challenges in the commercialization of Ni-rich layered cathode materials for lithium battery. Surface modification can solve these issues to obtain superior electrochemical performances. Herein, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811) cathode surface is reconstructed by a simple solid-state method using antimony oxides as modified agents. The modified mechanisms study show that the antimony oxides (Sb 2 O 5 ) can react with the surface lithium residues effectively and partial surface lattice lithium on the NCM811 surface to further construct the LiSbO 3 /Li–Sb– Me –O ( Me = Ni, Co, Mn) mixed coating layers. The uniform coating layer is mainly ascribed to the droplet spreading behaviors of the low smelting antimony oxides. The electrochemical measurements show that the Sb-modified NCM811 electrodes deliver 90.27% (180 mA g −1 ) and 96.07% (1440 mA g −1 ) capacity retentions over 3.0–4.3 V after 200 cycles, respectively, which are higher than 77.40 and 74.75% of the bare NCM811. The enhanced electrochemical performances are mainly benefitted to the enhanced the lithium transportation, the suppressed impedances increase and the more stable crystal structure

Numerical test system for the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rock masses

Le travail de thèse concerne le développement d'un modèle numérique pour la détermination des propriétés hydromécaniques équivalentes pour les roches fracturées. Le rapport de thèse est organisé en 7 chapitres. Le premier chapitre décrit les objectifs de la thèse et présente brièvement une synthèse des travaux réalisés sur les roches fracturées. L'accent est mis sur l'Élément Composite et la détermination des propriétés hydrauliques et me caniques équivalentes des roches fracturées. Le second chapitre présente les outils utilisés dans le travail de thèse, à savoir la méthode des éléments finis, l'Elément Composite, le couplage écoulement/contraintes, le Réseau de Neurones Artificiels et la méthode de Monte-Carlo. Le troisième chapitre présente le concept de la méthode numérique proposée pour obtenir les propriétés hydrauliques équivalentes des roches fracturées. Elle décrit aussi les données nécessaires à ('application de cette méthode, à savoir celles sur les fractures dominantes. Les chapitres 4 et 5 présentent la détermination des propriétés hydrauliques et mécaniques équivalentes des roches sans prendre en compte le couplage contraintes/écoulement. Le 6ème chapitre présente la détermination des propriétés hydrauliques équivalentes en considérant le couplage contraintes/écoulement. Ce chapitre comporte également la construction d'une base de données sur l'influence du couplage contraintes/perméabilité sur les propriétés hydrauliques équivalentes. Le dernier chapitre décrit un procédé basé sur une combinaison des approches implicite et explicite pour l'analyse d'un barrage poids. Les données de la méthode implicite sont déterminées en utilisant la méthode numérique proposée dans ce travail.This thesis concerns the use of the "Numerical Test System" for the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rock masses. The thesis is composed of 7 chapters. The first chapter describes the objective of the thesis and briefly presents the previous studies conducted on fractured rock masses, with a particular focus on the Composite Element Method as weil as the estimation of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties of fractured rocks. The second chapter presents the tools used in the thesis development, namely the finite element method, the composite element method, the coupling theory, the artificial neural network and the Monte Carlo Method. The third chapter presents the concept of the "Numerical Test System (NTS)" for determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties offractured rock. This method requires field data on dominating fractures. Chapters 4 and 5 present the determination of the equivalent hydraulic and mechanical properties and the relevant REYs neglecting the seepage/stress coupling. The 6th chapter presents the determination of the equivalent hydraulic properties considering seepage/stress coupling. This Chapter also establishes a stress/permeability database for describing the relationship between stresses and the equivalent hydraulic property. The last chapter describes a procedure based on a combination of the implicit and explicit approaches for the analysis of a grravity dam. The eqivalent properties of the implicit method are determined using the NTS.LILLE1-Bib. Electronique (590099901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Seepage and Stress Coupling Algorithm of Fractured Rock Mass by Composite Element Method

Le travail de thèse porte sur l'analyse du couplage écoulement contrainte dans les roches fracturées et son application aux barrages. Le rapport de thèse est composé de 5 chapitres. Le premier chapitre présente une synthèse des travaux réalisés sur les roches fracturées et plus particulièrement sur le couplage écoulement contrainte. L accent est mis sur la modélisation numérique. Le second chapitre concerne la formulation de l Élément Composite pour les roches fracturées. Il présente cet élément pour le problème mécanique ensuite pour le problème d écoulement. Le 3ème chapitre présente l extension de l élément composite aux roches fracturées en prenant en compte le couplage contrainte écoulement. Après une présentation de la formulation mathématique, on décrit l introduction de cet élément dans un code de calcul. Le chapitre décrit aussi le fonctionnement de cet élément pour une fracture soumise à une contrainte normale puis à un cisaillement. Le 4ème chapitre traite de l application de l élément composite aux masses de roches fracturées contenant des drains. La performance de l élément composite pour ce type d applications est montrée à travers sa confrontation à la méthode des éléments finis classique. Le dernier chapitre présente l'application de l'élément composite à l'analyse du barrage de Xiaowan ayant un système de fondation complexe. La fondation contient trois ensembles de fractures et des drains. Cet exemple montre les performances de l'élément composite pour l'analyse des projets à géométrie complexe contenant des fractures.The thesis concerns analysis of the stress-seepage coupling in fractured rock mass and its application on dams. The thesis is composed of 5 chapters. The first chapter presents a literature review on researches conducted on fractured rock mass and on seepagestress coupling in fractured rock with a particular focus on numerical modeling. The second chapter concerns the formulation of the composite element method for fractured rock mass. It presents the composite element method for stress and seepage problems. The third chapter concerns the formulation of the composite element for fractured rock mass considering seepage- stress coupling. After the mathematical formulation, it presents the numerical implementation of the composite element and its performances under both normal and shearing stress states. The 4th chapter presents analysis of the seepage-stress coupling for fractured rock mass with drainage holes. The numerical model is validated by its comparison to the convention al finite element method. The last chapter presents the use ofthe composite element for the analysis of the Xiaowan arch dam with complex fractured rock mass. The later contains three sets of fractures and drainage holes. This example shows the advantage and performances of the composite element for the analysis of complex projects.LILLE1-Bib. Electronique (590099901) / SudocSudocFranceF

EPC-Derived Microvesicles Protect Cardiomyocytes from Ang II-Induced Hypertrophy and Apoptosis

Cell-released microvesicles (MVs) represent a novel way of cell-to-cell communication. Previous evidence indicates that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-derived MVs can modulate endothelial cell survival and proliferation. In this study, we evaluated whether EPC-MVs protect cardiomyocytes (CMs) against angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis. The H9c2 CMs were exposed to Ang II in the presence or absence of EPC-MVs. Cell viability, apoptosis, surface area and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) expression were analyzed. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), serine/threonine kinase (Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and their phosphorylated proteins (p-Akt, p-eNOS) were measured. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and NOS inhibitors were used for pathway verification. The role of MV-carried RNAs in mediating these effects was also explored. Results showed 1) EPC-MVs were able to protect CMs against Ang II-induced changes in cell viability, apoptosis, surface area, β-MHC expression and ROS over-production; 2) The effects were accompanied with the up-regulation of Akt/p-Akt and its downstream eNOS/p-eNOS, and were abolished by PI3K inhibition or partially blocked by NOS inhibition; 3) Depletion of RNAs from EPC-MVs partially or totally eliminated the effects of EPC-MVs. Our data indicate that EPC-MVs protect CMs from hypertrophy and apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway via the RNAs carried by EPC-MVs

The incorporation of EPC-MVs with H9c2 and the RNAs depletion from EPC-MVs.

<p>(A) Representative images showing that EPC-MVs merge with H9c2 CMs. MVs were labeled with PKH26 (red). Nucleuses were labeled with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Summarized data of total RNAs in MVs and rdMVs. RNase treatment is effective in depleting RNAs from EPC-MVs. **<i>P</i><0.01, EPC-rdMVs <i>vs.</i> EPC-MVs; n = 3/group. rdMVs: RNA deleted MVs.</p

Effect of EPC-MVs on Ang II-induced CM apoptosis.

<p>(A) Representative flow cytometric plots of H9c2 CM apoptosis in different treatment groups. (B) Summarized data on the percentage of apoptotic H9c2 CMs in each group. **<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> control, ^#<i>P</i><0.05, ^##<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> Ang II, ⁺⁺<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> Ang II+MVs; n = 6/group. rdMVs: RNA deleted MVs.</p

Effects of EPC-MVs on Ang II-induced CM hypertrophy and β-MHC protein expression.

<p>(A) Representative immunohistochemistry images of β-MHC expression in H9c2 CMs in each group. H9c2 CMs were labeled with β-MHC antibody (red), and DAPI (blue, for nucleus). Scale bar, 100 µm. (B) Summarized data of surface areas of CMs in each group. (C) Western blot bands and graphs showing the β-MHC expression in H9c2 CMs in different treatment groups. The molecular weights are 223 kDa for β-MHC and 43 kDa for β-actin. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> control, ^#<i>P</i><0.05, ^##<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> Ang II, ⁺<i>P</i><0.05, ⁺⁺<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> Ang II+ MVs; n = 4/group. rdMVs: RNA deleted MVs.</p

The Mediation Role of Sleep Disturbances between Vitamin D and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study

Depression and sleep disturbances are highly prevalent health problems that have been suggested to be associated with vitamin D deficiency. This study investigated whether sleep disturbances affect the association between vitamin D and depressive symptoms. A total of 425 patients with depression were included in this study. Spearman correlation coefficients were chosen to assess the relation between vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptomatology (according to the PHQ-9 and HAMD-17 scores). The GLM Mediation Model in the Medmod module for data analysis in Jamovi 2.2.5 was used to analyze the mediation models for sleep disturbances. Vitamin D concentrations were significantly correlated with PHQ-9 and HAMD-17 scale scores. In addition, item 3 was suggested to have a mediating effect between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in the mediating model of PHQ-9, and item 4 was suggested to have a mediating effect between vitamin D and depressive symptoms in the mediating model of HAMD-17. Sleep disturbances (especially difficulty falling asleep) are mediators between vitamin D and depressive symptoms, suggesting that increasing vitamin D levels at the right time to regulate sleep disturbances may improve depression symptoms, yet further research is necessary

Dose-dependent effects of EPC-MVs on H9c2 viability.

<p>Summarized data on the effects of different EPC-MV doses on cell viabilities of H9c2 treated with 0 or 10⁻⁶ M Ang II. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> control; ^##<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> Ang II, ^††<i>P</i><0.01 <i>vs.</i> Ang II +25 µg/ml MVs; n = 6/group.</p