The contributing role of physical education in youth’s daily physical activity and sedentary behavior

Background: School physical education (PE) is considered as an effective channel for youth to accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reduce sedentary time. The purpose of this study was to determine the contributing role of PE in daily MVPA and sedentary time among youth. Methods: The study recruited 67 sixth grade children (29 boys; Mean age = 11.75) from two suburban schools at a U.S. Midwest state, 48 of whom contributed ≥10 hours of physical activity (PA) data per day were included for analysis. An objective monitoring tool (i.e., Sensewear armband monitor) was used to capture the participants’ MVPA and sedentary time for 7–14 days. Pearson product–moment correlation analysis (r), multi-level regression analyses, and analysis of variance were conducted for data analysis. Results: MVPA and sedentary time in PE showed significant positive associations with daily MVPA and sedentary time, respectively (r = 0.35, p \u3c 0.01; r = 0.55, p \u3c 0.01). Regression analyses revealed that one minute increase in MVPA and sedentary behavior in PE was associated with 2.04 minutes and 5.30 minutes increases in daily MVPA and sedentary behavior, respectively, after controlling for sex and BMI. The participants demonstrated a significantly higher level of MVPA (p = .05) but similar sedentary time (p = 0.61) on PE days than on non-PE days. Boys had significantly more daily MVPA (p \u3c .01) and less sedentary time (p \u3c .01) than girls; while higher BMI was associated with more sedentary time (p \u3c .01). Conclusions: PE displayed a positive contribution to increasing daily MVPA and decreasing daily sedentary time among youth. Active participation in PE classes increases the chance to be more active and less sedentary beyond PE among youth

Revising regularisation with linear approximation term for compressive sensing improvement

In this Letter, the authors propose a novel revised regularisation to improve the performance of compressive sensing (CS) reconstruction. They suppose that a specific regularisation term is insufficient to accommodate the prior information of CS while it can be improved by further imposing a linear approximation term. They also prove that the revised regularisation is substantially equivalent to the CS preprocessing methods. They conduct extensive experiments on various CS algorithms, which show the effectiveness of their revised regularisation

Mechanistic Insights into the Auto-Regulation of PTEN and Its Related HECT E3 Ligases

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a lipid phosphatase that dephosphorylates PIP3 to PIP2, and negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PTEN is an essential tumor suppressor gene frequently deactivated in cancer cells. Previous work in our lab and by others has shed light on the regulation of PTEN by a cluster of phosphorylation sites within the C-terminal regulatory tail at residues Ser380, Thr382, Thr383 and Ser385. Tetra-phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail binds to the C2 domain and leads to a closed conformation which inhibits PTEN’s lipid phosphatase activity and membrane association, but increases its stability. We continued to investigate the molecular mechanisms of this regulatory mechanism using native chemical ligation. Systematic evaluation of the PTEN C-tail phospho-cluster showed that the conformational closure and autoinhibition was influenced by the aggregate effect of multiple phospho-sites rather than dominated by a single phosphorylation site. The photo-crosslinking results suggested that the phosphorylated C-tail not only interacts with the C2 domain but also the N-terminal phosphatase domain. The ubiquitination assays analyzing PTEN ubiquitination by WWP2 showed that PTEN C-tail phosphorylation could inhibit its ubiquitination by the HECT E3 ligases, presumably by disrupting the protein-protein interaction between PTEN and WWP2. In the course of analyzing PTEN ubiquitination by WWP2, we noticed that the monomeric WWP2 is autoinhibited. WWP2 is a member of the NEDD4 HECT E3 ligase family, and the autoinhibition mechanisms of this family have been reported as involving intramolecular interactions between C2 or WW domains with the corresponding catalytic HECT domains. However, we found unexpectedly that a peptide linker tethering WW domains is the key regulatory element of WWP2 catalytic activity. Biochemical, structural, and cellular analyses have revealed that the linker can lock the HECT domain in an inactive conformation and block the proposed allosteric ubiquitin binding site. Such linker mediated autoinhibition can be relieved by linker post-translational modifications, but complete removal of the linker can induce hyperactive autoubiquitination and E3 self-destruction. We further showed that this regulatory mechanism is not limited to WWP2, but also applies to the related HECT family members WWP1, ITCH, and NEDD4-1

Topologically protected entanglement switching around exceptional points

The robust operation of quantum entanglement states are crucial for applications in quantum information, computing, and communications1-3. However, it has always been a great challenge to complete such a task because of decoherence and disorder. Here, we propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally an effective scheme to realize robust operation of quantum entanglement states by designing quadruple degeneracy exceptional points. By encircling the exceptional points on two overlapping Riemann energy surfaces, we have realized a chiral switch for entangled states with high fidelity. Owing to the topological protection conferred by the Riemann surface structure, this switching of chirality exhibits strong robustness against perturbations in the encircling path. Furthermore, we have experimentally validated such a scheme on a quantum walk platform. Our work opens up a new way for the application of non-Hermitian physics in the field of quantum information

SPM: Structured Pretraining and Matching Architectures for Relevance Modeling in Meituan Search

In e-commerce search, relevance between query and documents is an essential requirement for satisfying user experience. Different from traditional e-commerce platforms that offer products, users search on life service platforms such as Meituan mainly for product providers, which usually have abundant structured information, e.g. name, address, category, thousands of products. Modeling search relevance with these rich structured contents is challenging due to the following issues: (1) there is language distribution discrepancy among different fields of structured document, making it difficult to directly adopt off-the-shelf pretrained language model based methods like BERT. (2) different fields usually have different importance and their length vary greatly, making it difficult to extract document information helpful for relevance matching. To tackle these issues, in this paper we propose a novel two-stage pretraining and matching architecture for relevance matching with rich structured documents. At pretraining stage, we propose an effective pretraining method that employs both query and multiple fields of document as inputs, including an effective information compression method for lengthy fields. At relevance matching stage, a novel matching method is proposed by leveraging domain knowledge in search query to generate more effective document representations for relevance scoring. Extensive offline experiments and online A/B tests on millions of users verify that the proposed architectures effectively improve the performance of relevance modeling. The model has already been deployed online, serving the search traffic of Meituan for over a year.Comment: Accepted by CIKM '2

Caching D2D connections in small-cell networks

Small-cell network is a promising solution to high video traffic. However, with the increasing number of devices, it cannot meet the requirements from all users. Thus, we propose a caching device-to-device (D2D) scheme for small-cell networks, in which caching placement and D2D establishment are combined. In this scheme, a limited cache is equipped at each user, and the popular files can be prefetched at the local cache during off-peak period. Thus, dense D2D connections can be established during peak time aided by these cached users, which will reduce the backhaul pressure significantly. To do this, first, an optimal caching scheme is formulated according to the popularity to maximize the total offloading probability of the D2D system. Thus, most edge users can obtain their required video files from the caches at users nearby, instead from the small-cell base station. Then, the sum rate of D2D links is analyzed in different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regions. Furthermore, to maximize the throughput of D2D links with low complexity, three D2Dlink scheduling schemes are proposed with the help of bipartite graph theory and Kuhn-Munkres algorithm for low, high and medium SNRs, respectively. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme