396 research outputs found
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Comparison of PREDICTS atherosclerosis biomarker changes after initiation of new treatments in patients with SLE
Objective Patients with SLE have an increased risk ofatherosclerosis (ATH) that is not adequately explainedby traditional risk factors. We previously described thePredictors of Risk for Elevated Flares, Damage Progression,and Increased Cardiovascular disease in PaTients withSLE (PREDICTS) atherosclerosis-risk panel, which includesproinflammatory HDL (piHDL), leptin, soluble tumournecrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK)and homocysteine, as well as age and diabetes. A highPREDICTS score confers 28-fold increased odds forfuture atherosclerosis in SLE. The aim of this study is todetermine whether PREDICTS biomarkers are modifiable bycommon lupus therapies.Methods This prospective observational study includedSLE subjects started on new lupus treatments. Leptin,sTWEAK, homocysteine and antioxidant function of HDLwere measured at baseline (prior to drug initiation), 6weeks and 12 weeks.Results 16 subjects started mycophenolate (MMF), 18azathioprine (AZA) and 25 hydroxychloroquine (HCQ).In MMF-treated subjects, HDL function progressivelyimproved from 2.23 ± 1.32 at baseline to 1.37±0.81at 6 weeks (p=0.02) and 0.93±0.54 at 12 weeks(p=0.009). sTWEAK levels also improved in MMF-treatedsubjects from 477.5±447.1 to 290.3±204.6 pg/mLafter 12 weeks (p=0.04), but leptin and homocysteinelevels were not significantly changed. In HCQ-treatedsubjects, only HDL function improved from 1.80±1.29 atbaseline to 1.03±0.74 after 12 weeks (p=0.05). Therewere no changes in the AZA group. MMF treatmentwas still associated with significant improvements inHDL function after accounting for potential confounderssuch as total prednisone dose and changes in diseaseactivity. Overall, the mean number of high-risk PREDICTSbiomarkers at week 12 significantly decreased in theentire group of patients started on a new lupus therapy(2.1±0.9 to 1.8±0.9, p=0.02) and in the MMF-treatedgroup (2.4±0.8 vs 1.8±0.9, p=0.003), but not in theAZA or HCQ groups. In multivariate analysis, the odds ofhaving a high PREDICTS atherosclerosis risk score at 12weeks were lower with MMF treatment (OR 0.002, 95%CI 0.000 to 0.55, p=0.03).Conclusions 12 weeks of MMF therapy improves theoverall PREDICTS atherosclerosis biomarker profile.Further studies will determine whether biomarkerchanges reflect decreases in future cardiovascularevents
Fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots in Toluene: Effect of Cyclic Temperature
Quantum dots (QDs) are the potential material for the application in optical thermometry, and have been successfully applied to solar cells, LEDs, bio-labeling, structural health monitoring, etc. In this paper, we study the fluorescence properties of CdSe/ZnS QDs in toluene under the action of heating-cooling cycles. The experimental results show that, in a heating-cooling cycle, increasing temperature causes red-shift of the emission peak and the decrease of the PL intensity, and decreasing temperature causes blue-shift of the emission peak and the increase of the PL intensity. The surface structures of the QDs likely are dependent on the cycle numbers, which cause the change of the excited energy state of the QDs in toluene. The results presented in this paper reveals the strong effects of cyclic temperature on the photoluminescence characteristics of QDs
Wavelet-based Fourier Information Interaction with Frequency Diffusion Adjustment for Underwater Image Restoration
Underwater images are subject to intricate and diverse degradation,
inevitably affecting the effectiveness of underwater visual tasks. However,
most approaches primarily operate in the raw pixel space of images, which
limits the exploration of the frequency characteristics of underwater images,
leading to an inadequate utilization of deep models' representational
capabilities in producing high-quality images. In this paper, we introduce a
novel Underwater Image Enhancement (UIE) framework, named WF-Diff, designed to
fully leverage the characteristics of frequency domain information and
diffusion models. WF-Diff consists of two detachable networks: Wavelet-based
Fourier information interaction network (WFI2-net) and Frequency Residual
Diffusion Adjustment Module (FRDAM). With our full exploration of the frequency
domain information, WFI2-net aims to achieve preliminary enhancement of
frequency information in the wavelet space. Our proposed FRDAM can further
refine the high- and low-frequency information of the initial enhanced images,
which can be viewed as a plug-and-play universal module to adjust the detail of
the underwater images. With the above techniques, our algorithm can show SOTA
performance on real-world underwater image datasets, and achieves competitive
performance in visual quality
Toward Sufficient Spatial-Frequency Interaction for Gradient-aware Underwater Image Enhancement
Underwater images suffer from complex and diverse degradation, which
inevitably affects the performance of underwater visual tasks. However, most
existing learning-based Underwater image enhancement (UIE) methods mainly
restore such degradations in the spatial domain, and rarely pay attention to
the fourier frequency information. In this paper, we develop a novel UIE
framework based on spatial-frequency interaction and gradient maps, namely
SFGNet, which consists of two stages. Specifically, in the first stage, we
propose a dense spatial-frequency fusion network (DSFFNet), mainly including
our designed dense fourier fusion block and dense spatial fusion block,
achieving sufficient spatial-frequency interaction by cross connections between
these two blocks. In the second stage, we propose a gradient-aware corrector
(GAC) to further enhance perceptual details and geometric structures of images
by gradient map. Experimental results on two real-world underwater image
datasets show that our approach can successfully enhance underwater images, and
achieves competitive performance in visual quality improvement
Geometry-based spherical JND modeling for 360 display
360 videos have received widespread attention due to its realistic
and immersive experiences for users. To date, how to accurately model the user
perceptions on 360 display is still a challenging issue. In this paper,
we exploit the visual characteristics of 360 projection and display and
extend the popular just noticeable difference (JND) model to spherical JND
(SJND). First, we propose a quantitative 2D-JND model by jointly considering
spatial contrast sensitivity, luminance adaptation and texture masking effect.
In particular, our model introduces an entropy-based region classification and
utilizes different parameters for different types of regions for better
modeling performance. Second, we extend our 2D-JND model to SJND by jointly
exploiting latitude projection and field of view during 360 display.
With this operation, SJND reflects both the characteristics of human vision
system and the 360 display. Third, our SJND model is more consistent
with user perceptions during subjective test and also shows more tolerance in
distortions with fewer bit rates during 360 video compression. To
further examine the effectiveness of our SJND model, we embed it in Versatile
Video Coding (VVC) compression. Compared with the state-of-the-arts, our
SJND-VVC framework significantly reduced the bit rate with negligible loss in
visual quality
Shakedown, ratcheting and fatigue analysis of cathode coating in lithium-ion battery under steady charging-discharging process
The cyclic plasticity behaviour and failure mechanism of the cathode material in lithium-ion batteries urgently need to be understood due to the cyclic lithium-ion diffusion-induced stress during charging-discharging process. Many researches have focused on the shakedown and ratcheting responses of lithium-ion battery anode. However, the systematic investigation on the plasticity behaviour of lithium-ion battery cathode is still lacking. In this paper, the cyclic plasticity behaviour of LiNixMnyCozO2 electrode subjected to cyclic lithiation/delithiation under a constant mechanical load is investigated comprehensively. The shakedown, ratcheting and fatigue analyses of active layer are conducted using direct numerical techniques based on the Linear Matching Method framework, while coin cell electrochemical experiments are performed simultaneously to support the analysis. The effect of thickness of coating on the shakedown and ratcheting response is investigated, and the thickness is confirmed as a crucial parameter that can influence the battery performance. The strain-fatigue life curve is also obtained to effectively predict the life of active coating. Moreover, the numerical results reveal the existence of low cycle fatigue at the centre, and ratcheting mechanism on the edge of the cathode, which is consistent well with the experimental result
Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifact Detection for Compressed Video Quality Assessment
Compressed videos often exhibit visually annoying artifacts, known as
Perceivable Encoding Artifacts (PEAs), which dramatically degrade video visual
quality. Subjective and objective measures capable of identifying and
quantifying various types of PEAs are critical in improving visual quality. In
this paper, we investigate the influence of four spatial PEAs (i.e. blurring,
blocking, bleeding, and ringing) and two temporal PEAs (i.e. flickering and
floating) on video quality. For spatial artifacts, we propose a visual saliency
model with a low computational cost and higher consistency with human visual
perception. In terms of temporal artifacts, self-attention based TimeSFormer is
improved to detect temporal artifacts. Based on the six types of PEAs, a
quality metric called Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifacts Measurement
(SSTAM) is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method
outperforms state-of-the-art metrics. We believe that SSTAM will be beneficial
for optimizing video coding techniques
Opening CALASYS to All Members
Since the Chinese American Librarians Associationâs Academic Resources and Repository System (CALASYS, https://ir.cala-web.org/) was initiated in 2013, its collections have grown gradually by way of the Committeeâs curation and entries with occasional help from LIS students. In order to resolve the bottleneck problems, promote CALASYS and expand its content, the 2020-2021 CALASYS Committee has strongly pursued the idea of opening CALASYS to all of the CALA members. The Committee began to implement the author self-contribution plug-in in the CALASYSâ Omeka platform in 2020. This poster will focus on the implementation of the self-contribution plug-in. It will cover the main steps and tasks of the implementation, including making metadata contribution templates, selecting copyright options, establishing contributor verification, testing workflow and developing end-user guide and back-end management documentations. It will also address the Committeeâs work on creating training materials on workflow and metadata and plans on providing training sessions online to the CALA community. It will include the CALASYSâ history, its main features, collections, and usage statistics as well. By opening CALASYS to all members, it is hoped that it will better achieve the CALAâs strategic plan of 2020-2025, âMake CALAâs impact on local, state, national, and international levels.â Meanwhile, the bottleneck problems will be resolved and CALASYS will continue to grow at a faster pace in a more inclusive direction. The accompanying video is also available at: https://youtu.be/q9g4SXsnuO0
Growth and New Directions: CALA Academic Resources and Repository System
The Chinese American Librarians Associationâs Academic Resources & Repository System (CALASYS) was established in 2013 and has been growing gradually ever since. To seek sustainable and greater growth in the future, the CALASYS 2019-2020 Committee reviewed previous efforts and explored new potentials in the repositoryâs content development, interface and functionality improvement and community engagement. This presentation will cover several issues that the Committee has addressed since its forming: developing new content for CALASYS such as a new top-level collection called âChinese Culture Heritage & Chinese Studiesâ and its children collections including the CALA Best Book Award Collection; starting or resuming testing on several Omeka plugins whose implementation would enhance the systemâs functionality and performance significantly, such as Exhibit Builder, User Profile, Search by Metadata, CSS Editor and Geolocation; exploring other Omeka instancesâ interfaces and improving the CALASYSâ appearance and presentation. This poster will also cover the continuing development of the CALA Archives, CALA Chapter Collections and CALA Member Scholarly Achievements collection, metadata editing and enhancement, statistics and usage of the repository, as well as involving students and CALA members in working with the repository. To develop an organizationâs institutional repository is a long-term task, this presentation will conclude with a discussion of the lessons learned and strategies and tips on working with the repository for the committee members and the community
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