2,175 research outputs found
SK channels and ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure
Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) currents are important in the repolarization of normal atrial (but not ventricular) cardiomyocytes. However, recent studies showed that the SK currents are upregulated in failing ventricular cardiomyocytes, along with increased SK channel protein expression and enhanced sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+. The SK channel activation may be either antiarrhythmic or proarrhythmic, depending on the underlying clinical situations. While the SK channel is a new target of antiarrhythmic therapy, drug safety is still one of the major concerns
Employee business at various levels of a hierarchy for organisations completing case work
This article describes a model for examining the contribution of supervisors to an organization by considering the case work they complete as a production system. The average delay in case work is referred to as the service level. At a given service level, the minimization of total wages within one hour can be studied as a cost function. With this cost function, wage spending on handled-case time and idle time can be formulated. The ratio between the handled-case time and idle time of all employees at the kth level within 1 hour is defined as the‘ busy index’ at the kth level. From the optimal hierarchical structure, we find the following two properties: (1) Given any two levels i and j, the ratio between the idle times of ith and jth levels is independent not only of the service level but also the rate of arriving cases; and (2) At each level, the busy indices are proportional to the square root of each level’s wage rates. This implies that the busy indices decrease with the hierarchical level. Ultimately, when the wage rates at all levels are equal, the increment also becomes equal
Non-Markovian finite-temperature two-time correlation functions of system operators: beyond the quantum regression theorem
An extremely useful evolution equation that allows systematically calculating
the two-time correlation functions (CF's) of system operators for non-Markovian
open (dissipative) quantum systems is derived. The derivation is based on
perturbative quantum master equation approach, so non-Markovian open quantum
system models that are not exactly solvable can use our derived evolution
equation to easily obtain their two-time CF's of system operators, valid to
second order in the system-environment interaction. Since the form and nature
of the Hamiltonian are not specified in our derived evolution equation, our
evolution equation is applicable for bosonic and/or fermionic environments and
can be applied to a wide range of system-environment models with any factorized
(separable) system-environment initial states (pure or mixed). When applied to
a general model of a system coupled to a finite-temperature bosonic environment
with a system coupling operator L in the system-environment interaction
Hamiltonian, the resultant evolution equation is valid for both L = L^+ and L
\neq L^+ cases, in contrast to those evolution equations valid only for L = L^+
case in the literature. The derived equation that generalizes the quantum
regression theorem (QRT) to the non-Markovian case will have broad applications
in many different branches of physics. We then give conditions on which the QRT
holds in the weak system-environment coupling case, and apply the derived
evolution equation to a problem of a two-level system (atom) coupled to a
finite-temperature bosonic environment (electromagnetic fields) with L \neq
L^+.Comment: To appear in the Journal of Chemical Physics (12 pages, 1 figure
Optimal control of the silicon-based donor electron spin quantum computing
We demonstrate how gradient ascent pulse engineering optimal control methods
can be implemented on donor electron spin qubits in Si semiconductors with an
architecture complementary to the original Kane's proposal. We focus on the
high-fidelity controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate and explicitly find its digitized
control sequences by optimizing its fidelity over the external controls of the
hyperfine A and exchange J interactions. This high-fidelity CNOT gate has an
error of about , below the error threshold required for fault-tolerant
quantum computation, and its operation time of 100ns is about 3 times faster
than 297ns of the proposed global control scheme. It also relaxes significantly
the stringent distance constraint of two neighboring donor atoms of 10~20nm as
reported in the original Kane's proposal to about 30nm in which surface A and J
gates may be built with current fabrication technology. The effects of the
control voltage fluctuations, the dipole-dipole interaction and the electron
spin decoherence on the CNOT gate fidelity are also discussed.Comment: 4 figures, accepted as a Rapid Communication by Phys. Rev.
A Web-Services-Based P2P Computing-Power Sharing Architecture
As demands of data processing and computing power are increasing, existing information system architectures become insufficient. Some organizations try to figure out how to keep their systems work without purchasing new hardware and software. Therefore, a Webservices-based model which shares the resource over the network like a P2P network will be proposed to meet this requirement in this paper. In addition, this paper also discusses some problems about security, motivation, flexibility, compatibility and workflow management for the traditional P2P power sharing models. Our new computing architecture - Computing Power Services (CPS) - will aim to address these problems. For the shortcomings about flexibility, compatibility and workflow management, CPS utilizes Web Services and Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) to overcome them. Because CPS is assumed to run in a reliable network where peers trust each other, the concerns about security and motivation will be negated. In essence, CPS is a lightweight Web-Services-based P2P power sharing environment and suitable for executing computing works in batch in a reliable networ
Retraction and Generalized Extension of Computing with Words
Fuzzy automata, whose input alphabet is a set of numbers or symbols, are a
formal model of computing with values. Motivated by Zadeh's paradigm of
computing with words rather than numbers, Ying proposed a kind of fuzzy
automata, whose input alphabet consists of all fuzzy subsets of a set of
symbols, as a formal model of computing with all words. In this paper, we
introduce a somewhat general formal model of computing with (some special)
words. The new features of the model are that the input alphabet only comprises
some (not necessarily all) fuzzy subsets of a set of symbols and the fuzzy
transition function can be specified arbitrarily. By employing the methodology
of fuzzy control, we establish a retraction principle from computing with words
to computing with values for handling crisp inputs and a generalized extension
principle from computing with words to computing with all words for handling
fuzzy inputs. These principles show that computing with values and computing
with all words can be respectively implemented by computing with words. Some
algebraic properties of retractions and generalized extensions are addressed as
well.Comment: 13 double column pages; 3 figures; to be published in the IEEE
Transactions on Fuzzy System
3,3′-Di-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxy-5,5′,6,6′-tetramethylbiphenyl-2-yl benzenesulfonate
In the title compound, C30H38O4S, the hydroxyl group bonded to one phenyl ring and an O atom of the benzenesulfonate group attached to the other phenyl ring of the biphenyl backbone of the structure are involved in an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The dihedral angle between the planes of the two aromatic rings of the biphenyl unit is 70.4 (2)°
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