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On Pragmatic Inference and Metaphor from the Perspective of Relevance Theory
Spurious detection of phase synchronization in coupled nonlinear oscillators
Coupled nonlinear systems under certain conditions exhibit phase
synchronization, which may change for different frequency bands or with
presence of additive system noise. In both cases, Fourier filtering is
traditionally used to preprocess data. We investigate to what extent the phase
synchronization of two coupled R\"{o}ssler oscillators depends on (1) the
broadness of their power spectrum, (2) the width of the band-pass filter, and
(3) the level of added noise. We find that for identical coupling strengths,
oscillators with broader power spectra exhibit weaker synchronization. Further,
we find that within a broad band width range, band-pass filtering reduces the
effect of noise but can lead to a spurious increase in the degree of
synchronization with narrowing band width, even when the coupling between the
two oscillators remains the same.Comment: 4 pages,6 figure
Nonparametric assessment of safety levels in ecological risk assessment (ERA)
In ecological risk assessment (ERA), it is important to know whether the exposure that animal species receive from a chemical concentration exceeds the desired safety level. This study examined several statistical methods currently being used in ecological risk assessment and reviewed several statistical procedures related to this subject in the literature. Two large sample nonparametric tests were developed for this study. Monte Carlo study showed that these tests performed well even when the sample size was moderately large. A real data set was used to show that the new methodologies provide a good method for assessing the potential risks of pesticides residues at an investigated site
Method of identifying and treating invasive carcinomas (CIP)
Prostasin protein has been found to be a useful marker for determination of the invasiveness of and as a means to treat human carcinomas. Using RT-PCR and western blot analyses, prostasin protein and mRNA expression were found in normal human prostate epithelial cells and the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, but not in the highly invasive human prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3. Imunohistochemistry studies of human prostate cancer specimens revealed a down-regulation of prostasin in high-grade tumors. Using RT-PCR and western blot analyses, prostasin protein and mRNA expression were found in a non-invasive human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, while invasive human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s were found not to express either the prostasin protein or the mRNA. A non-invasive human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-453, was shown to express prostasin mRNA but not prostasin protein. Transfection of DU-145 and PC-3 cells with a full-length human prostas
Method of identifying and treating invasive carcinomas
Prostasin protein has been found to be a useful marker for determination of the invasiveness of and as a means to treat human carcinomas. Using RT-PCR and western blot analyses, prostasin protein and mRNA expression were found in normal human prostate epithelial cells and the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, but not in the highly invasive human prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3. Imunohistochemistry studies of human prostate cancer specimens revealed a down-regulation of prostasin in high-grade tumors. Using RT-PCR and western blot analyses, prostasin protein and mRNA expression were found in a non-invasive human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, while invasive human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435s were found not to express either the prostasin protein or the mRNA. A non-invasive human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-453, was shown to express prostasin mRNA but not prostasin protein. Transfection of DU-145 and PC-3 cells with a full-length human prostas
Effectiveness of hydropathic compress of dandelion in ameliorating complications of arteriovenous fistula
Purpose: To investigate the effect of dandelion hydropathic compress on the complications of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF).Methods: From January to June 2019, a total of 162 patients treated with arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in the blood purification department of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University were enrolled. They were randomly assigned at a ratio of 1:1 to receive either conventional infrared irradiation (control group) or conventional irradiation plus dandelion hydropathic compress (study group). The clinical endpoint was the amelioration of the complications of arteriovenous fistula after 6 months of treatment.Results: Dandelion hydropathic compress combined with conventional infrared irradiation was associated with a significantly higher clinical efficacy (96.30 %) than conventional infrared irradiation alone (77.78 %). The application of dandelion hydropathic compress plus infrared irradiation resulted in significantly reduced pain, a better quality of life, and a lower incidence of complications (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Dandelion hydropathic compress plus routine nursing and infrared irradiation lower the incidence of complications, improve blood flow, relieve pain, and enhance the quality of life of patients. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm the usefulness of this therapeutic strategy
Self-absorption in the solar transition region
Transient brightenings in the transition region of the Sun have been studied
for decades and are usually related to magnetic reconnection. Recently,
absorption features due to chromospheric lines have been identified in
transition region emission lines raising the question of the thermal
stratification during such reconnection events. We analyse data from the
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) in an emerging active region. Here
the spectral profiles show clear self-absorption features in the transition
region lines of Si\,{\sc{iv}}. While some indications existed that opacity
effects might play some role in strong transition region lines, self-absorption
has not been observed before. We show why previous instruments could not
observe such self-absorption features, and discuss some implications of this
observation for the corresponding structure of reconnection events in the
atmosphere. Based on this we speculate that a range of phenomena, such as
explosive events, blinkers or Ellerman bombs, are just different aspects of the
same reconnection event occurring at different heights in the atmosphere.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap
X-ray absorption of liquid water by advanced ab initio methods
Oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of liquid water are computed based on
the configurations from advanced ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, as
well as an electron excitation theory from the GW method. One one hand, the
molecular structures of liquid water are accurately predicted by including both
van der Waals interactions and hybrid functional (PBE0). On the other hand, the
dynamic screening effects on electron excitation are approximately described by
the recently developed enhanced static Coulomb hole and screened exchange
approximation by Kang and Hybertsen [Phys. Rev. B 82, 195108 (2010)]. The
resulting spectra of liquid water are in better quantitative agreement with the
experimental spectra due to the softened hydrogen bonds and the slightly
broadened spectra originating from the better screening model.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.
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