Nonhomogeneous seawater Sr isotopic composition in the coastal oceans : a novel tool for tracing water masses and submarine groundwater discharge

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 12 (2011): Q05002, doi:10.1029/2010GC003372.Here we present high-precision (2σ = ±3 ppm) 87Sr/86Sr measurements in coastal waters, together with salinity, to evaluate water mass mixing and the influence of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in coastal waters and marginal seas. Nonhomogeneous Sr isotopic variations in water columns were documented in the Southern Okinawa Trough (SOT), South China Sea, and Kao-ping Canyon (KPC), where seawater 87Sr/86Sr varied up to 70 ppm. Seawater Sr isotopic composition changes only slightly in the upper 200 m of the SOT but was detectable and highly correlated with salinity, indicating a mixing between radiogenic North Pacific Tropical Water (high 87Sr/86Sr and high salinity) at 100–150 m and a less radiogenic component with low 87Sr/86Sr and low salinity at ∼200 m. Vertical profiles of seawater 87Sr/86Sr along the KPC show significant variations, suggesting dynamic mixing affected by continental inputs (i.e., river runoff and SGD) in this region. These results highlight the potential use of seawater Sr isotopes as a powerful tracer for determining mixing ratios and the dynamic mixing of oceanic water masses, especially in coastal and marginal seas.This research was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from Top University (NCKU), Taiwan, to K.‐F. Huang and funds from NSC and MOE, Taiwan, to C.‐F. You

Plasma Dynamics

Contains reports on three research projects.U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET-51013)National Science Foundation (Grant ECS82-13430)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Contract F33615-81-K-1426

Plasma Dynamics

Contains reports on six research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant ECS82-00646)National Science Foundation (Grant ECS82-13485)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Contract F33615-81-K-1426)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Contract F49620-83-C-0008)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Contract AFOSR-84-0026)U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-83-K-2024)Sandia National Laboratory (Contract 31-5606)Sandia National Laboratory (Contract 48-5725)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET-51013)National Science Foundation (Grant ECS82-13430

Association of Female Menopause With Atrioventricular Mechanics and Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Despite known sex differences in cardiac structure and function, little is known about how menopause and estrogen associate with atrioventricular mechanics and outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To study how, sex differences, loss of estrogen in menopause and duration of menopause, relate to atrioventricular mechanics and outcomes. METHODS: Among 4051 asymptomatic adults (49.8 ± 10.8 years, 35%women), left ventricular (LV) and left atrial (LA) mechanics were assessed using speckle-tracking. RESULTS: Post-menopausal (vs. pre-menopausal) women had similar LV ejection fraction but reduced GLS, reduced PALS, increased LA stiffness, higher LV sphericity and LV torsion (all p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed menopause to be associated with greater LV sphericity (0.02, 95%CI 0.01, 0.03), higher indexed LV mass (LVMi), lower mitral e’, lower LV GLS (0.37, 95%CI 0.04–0.70), higher LV torsion, larger LA volume, worse PALS (∼2.4-fold) and greater LA stiffness (0.028, 95%CI 0.01–0.05). Increasing years of menopause was associated with further reduction in GLS, markedly worse LA mechanics despite greater LV sphericity and higher torsion. Lower estradiol levels correlated with more impaired LV diastolic function, impaired LV GLS, greater LA stiffness, and increased LV sphericity and LV torsion (all p < 0.05). Approximately 5.5% (37/669) of post-menopausal women incident HF over 2.9 years of follow-up. Greater LV sphericity [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.04, 95%CI 1.00–1.07], impaired GLS (aHR 0.87, 95%CI 0.78–0.97), reduced peak left atrial longitudinal strain (PALS, aHR 0.94, 95%CI 0.90–0.99) and higher LA stiffness (aHR 10.5, 95%CI 1.69–64.6) were independently associated with the primary outcome of HF hospitalizations in post-menopause. Both PALS < 23% (aHR:1.32, 95%CI 1.01–3.49) and GLS < 16% (aHR:5.80, 95%CI 1.79–18.8) remained prognostic for the incidence of HF in post-menopausal women in dichotomous analyses, even after adjusting for confounders. Results were consistent with composite outcomes of HF hospitalizations and 1-year all-cause mortality as well. CONCLUSION: Menopause was associated with greater LV/LA remodeling and reduced LV longitudinal and LA function in women. The cardiac functional deficit with menopause and lower estradiol levels, along with their independent prognostic value post-menopause, may elucidate sex differences in heart failure further

Plasma Dynamics

Contains reports on eight research projects split into two sections.National Science Foundation (Grant ENG79-07047)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Grant AFOSR-77-3143D)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET-51013)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET-53073.AO02)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET-53074)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET-53076)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET-51002

Plasma Dynamics

Contains reports on ten research projects split into two sections.National Science Foundation (Grant ENG77-00340)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract EY-76-S-02-2766)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Grant AFOSR-77-3143)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-78-C-01-3019)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-78-S-02-4681)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-78-S-02-4682)U.S. Department of Energy (Grant EG-77-G-01-4107)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-78-S-02-4714)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-78-S-02-4886)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-78-S-02-4690

Plasma Dynamics

Contains reports on ten research projects divided into two sections.National Science Foundation (Grant ENG79-07047)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Grant AFOSR-77-3143)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78ET51013)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ASO2-78ET53073.AO02)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract ET-78-S-02-4682)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-AS02-78ET53074)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ASO2-78ET53050)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-AS02-78ET51002)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ASO2-78ET53076

Plasma Dynamics

Contains reports on six research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant ENG79-07047)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Grant AFOSR77-3143D)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research (Contract AFOSR82-0063)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-ACO2-78-ET-51013)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-AC02-78ET-53073.A002

Impact of Clinical Characteristics of Individual Metabolic Syndrome on the Severity of Insulin Resistance in Chinese Adults

The impact the metabolic syndrome (MetS) components on the severity of insulin resistance (IR) has not been reported. We enrolled 564 subjects with MetS and they were divided into quartiles according to the level of each component; and an insulin suppression test was performed to measure IR. In males, steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) levels in the highest quartiles, corresponding to body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), were higher than the other three quartiles and the highest quartiles, corresponding to the diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides, were higher than in the lowest two quartiles. In females, SSPG levels in the highest quartiles, corresponding to the BMI and triglycerides, were higher than in all other quartiles. No significant differences existed between genders, other than the mean SSPG levels in males were greater in the highest quartile corresponding to BMI than that in the highest quartile corresponding to HDL-cholesterol levels. The factor analysis identified two underlying factors (IR and blood pressure factors) among the MetS variables. The clustering of the SSPG, BMI, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol was noted. Our data suggest that adiposity, higher FPG and triglyceride levels have stronger correlation with IR and subjects with the highest BMI have the highest IR

Plasma Dynamics

Contains table of contents for Section 2 and reports on four research projects.Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Subcontract 6264005)National Science Foundation (Grant ECS 84-13173)National Science Foundation (Grant ECS 85-14517)U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientifc Research (Contract AFOSR 84-0026)U.S. Army - Harry Diamond Laboratories (Contract DAAL02-86-C-0050)U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-87-K-2001)U.S. Department of Energy (Contract DE-AC02-78-ET-51013)National Science Foundation (Grant ECS 85-1 5032