Ultrasound-Guided Glenohumeral Joint Injection Using the Posterior Approach

Injection treatment to the glenohumeral joint is often needed to treat shoulder problems such as adhesive capsulitis. This can be done through blind palpation technique and fluoroscopic or musculoskeletal ultrasound guidance. In recent years, ultrasound has been proven to increase the accuracy of needle placement into the glenohumeral joint. Ultrasound is radiation free and offers real-time images in performing needle-guided injection procedures. Glenohumeral joint injection can be done using the anterior rotator interval approach or the posterior approach technique. Both techniques are generally well tolerated by the patients. However, it was shown that the posterior injection technique offers an easier and a more effective approach to the glenohumeral joint with less extravasation rate as compared with the anterior approach. The posterior approach also avoids the potential risk of accidental puncture or injection into the axillary neurovascular structures. A linear transducer of 5–12 MHz is usually used. This technique is often applied to inject corticosteroid for the treatment of frozen shoulder or contrast medium for computed tomography or magnetic resonance shoulder arthrography

Systematic Review of Adaptive Learning Research Designs, Context, Strategies, and Technologies From 2009 to 2018

This systematic review of research on adaptive learning used a strategic search process to synthesize research on adaptive learning based on publication trends, instructional context, research methodology components, research focus, adaptive strategies, and technologies. A total of 61 articles on adaptive learning were analyzed to describe the current state of research and identify gaps in the literature. Descriptive characteristics were recorded, including publication patterns, instructional context, and research methodology components. The count of adaptive learning articles published fluctuated across the decade and peaked in 2015. During this time, the largest concentration of adaptive learning articles appeared in Computers and Education. The majority of the studies occurred in higher education in Taiwan and the United States, with the highest concentration in the computer science discipline. The research focus, adaptive strategies, and adaptive technologies used in these studies were also reviewed. The research was aligned with various instructional design phases, with more studies examining design and development, and implementation and evaluation. For examining adaptive strategies, the authors examined both adaptive sources based on learner model and adaptive targets based on content and instructional model. Learning style was the most observed learner characteristic, while adaptive feedback and adaptive navigation were the most investigated adaptive targets. This study has implications for adaptive learning designers and future researchers regarding the gaps in adaptive learning research. Future studies might focus on the increasing availability and capacities of adaptive learning as a learning technology to assist individual learning and personalized growth

A novel fluorescent "turn-on" chemosensor for nanomolar detection of Fe(III) from aqueous solution and its application in living cells imaging

An electronically active and spectral sensitive fluorescent “turn-on” chemosensor (BTP-1) based on the benzo-thiazolo-pyrimidine unit was designed and synthesized for the highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe³⁺ from aqueous medium. With Fe³⁺, the sensor BTP-1 showed a remarkable fluorescence enhancement at 554 nm (λex=314 nm) due to the inhibition of photo-induced electron transfer. The sensor formed a host-guest complex in 1:1 stoichiometry with the detection limit down to 0.74 nM. Further, the sensor was successfully utilized for the qualitative and quantitative intracellular detection of Fe³⁺ in two liver cell lines i.e., HepG2 cells (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line) and HL-7701 cells (human normal liver cell line) by a confocal imaging technique

Frustration-induced diffusive scattering anomaly and dimension change in FeGe2\rm FeGe_2

Magnetic frustration, arising from the competition of exchange interactions, has received great attention because of its relevance to exotic quantum phenomena in materials. In the current work, we report an unusual checkerboard-shaped scattering anomaly in $\rm FeGe_2$, far from the known incommensurate magnetic satellite peaks, for the first time by inelastic neutron scattering. More surprisingly, such phenomenon appears as spin dynamics at low temperature, but it becomes prominent above N\'eel transition as elastic scattering. A new model Hamiltonian that includes an intraplane next-nearest neighbor was proposed and attributes such anomaly to the near-perfect magnetic frustration and the emergence of unexpected two-dimensional magnetic order in the quasi-one-dimensional $\rm FeGe_2$.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figure

Ghost Busting: PT-Symmetric Interpretation of the Lee Model

The Lee model was introduced in the 1950s as an elementary quantum field theory in which mass, wave function, and charge renormalization could be carried out exactly. In early studies of this model it was found that there is a critical value of g^2, the square of the renormalized coupling constant, above which g_0^2, the square of the unrenormalized coupling constant, is negative. Thus, for g^2 larger than this critical value, the Hamiltonian of the Lee model becomes non-Hermitian. It was also discovered that in this non-Hermitian regime a new state appears whose norm is negative. This state is called a ghost state. It has always been assumed that in this ghost regime the Lee model is an unacceptable quantum theory because unitarity appears to be violated. However, in this regime while the Hamiltonian is not Hermitian, it does possess PT symmetry. It has recently been discovered that a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian having PT symmetry may define a quantum theory that is unitary. The proof of unitarity requires the construction of a new time-independent operator called C. In terms of C one can define a new inner product with respect to which the norms of the states in the Hilbert space are positive. Furthermore, it has been shown that time evolution in such a theory is unitary. In this paper the C operator for the Lee model in the ghost regime is constructed exactly in the V/N-theta sector. It is then shown that the ghost state has a positive norm and that the Lee model is an acceptable unitary quantum field theory for all values of g^2.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure

Phragmén–Lindelöf Principles for Generalized Analytic Functions on Unbounded Domains

We prove versions of the Phragmén–Lindelöf strong maximum principle for generalized analytic functions defined on unbounded domains. A version of Hadamard’s three-lines theorem is also derived

Interventions for Young Children’s Mental Health: A Review of Reviews

To determine the efficacy of intervention programs for young children (4–9 years) with emerging mental health needs, we conducted a review of meta-analytic and systematic reviews of the intervention literature. Of 41,061 abstracts identified and 15,076 screened, 152 review articles met the inclusion criteria. We reviewed interventions across multiple disciplines targeting: (1) general mental health concerns; (2) internalizing symptoms; (3) externalizing symptoms; (4) anxiety; (5) depression; (6) trauma; (7) symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and (8) mental health concerns associated with autism spectrum disorder. Substantial evidence was found for the efficacy of behavioral and cognitive behavioral interventions for general mental health concerns, externalizing symptoms (generally, as well as ADHD, conduct, and other behavioral symptoms) and internalizing symptoms (generally, as well as anxiety) aged 4–9 years. Emerging evidence was identified for interventions targeting trauma symptoms, depression symptoms, and social, emotional and behavioral symptoms in autism spectrum disorder in children aged 4–9 years. Currently there is only limited emerging evidence regarding non-behavioral or non-cognitive behavioral interventions for programs targeting children ages 4–9 years where the aim is to deliver an evidence-based program to improve child social, emotional and/or behavioral functioning. Given the recent rises in mental health needs reported in children, targeted behavioral-and/or cognitive behavior therapy-based interventions should be made widely available to children (and their families) who experience elevated symptoms

Fixing the Reference Frame for PPMXL Proper Motions Using Extragalactic Sources

We quantify and correct systematic errors in PPMXL proper motions using extragalactic sources from the first two LAMOST data releases and the Veron-Cetty & Veron Catalog of Quasars. Although the majority of the sources are from the Veron catalog, LAMOST makes important contributions in regions that are not well-sampled by previous catalogs, particularly at low Galactic latitudes and in the south Galactic cap. We show that quasars in PPMXL have measureable and significant proper motions, which reflect the systematic zero-point offsets present in the catalog. We confirm the global proper motion shifts seen by Wu, Ma, & Zhou (2011), and additionally find smaller-scale fluctuations of the QSO-derived corrections to an absolute frame. We average the proper motions of 158,106 extragalactic objects in bins of 3x3 degrees and present a table of proper motion corrections.Comment: Accepted for publication in RAA; 12 pages, 6 figures (Fig. 1 at reduced resolution); full table of corrections available in online journal, with arxiv ancillary files (as ASCII table), or by reques

From AKNS to derivative NLS hierarchies via deformations of associative products

Using deformations of associative products, derivative nonlinear Schrodinger (DNLS) hierarchies are recovered as AKNS-type hierarchies. Since the latter can also be formulated as Gelfand-Dickey-type Lax hierarchies, a recently developed method to obtain 'functional representations' can be applied. We actually consider hierarchies with dependent variables in any (possibly noncommutative) associative algebra, e.g., an algebra of matrices of functions. This also covers the case of hierarchies of coupled DNLS equations.Comment: 22 pages, 2nd version: title changed and material organized in a different way, 3rd version: introduction and first part of section 2 rewritten, taking account of previously overlooked references. To appear in J. Physics A: Math. Ge