Information transfer problems in the aviation system

Problems in the transfer of information within the aviation system are discussed. Particular attention is given to voice communication problems in both intracockpit and air/ground situations

Application of the epidemiological model in studying human error in aviation

An epidemiological model is described in conjunction with the analytical process through which aviation occurrence reports are composed into the events and factors pertinent to it. The model represents a process in which disease, emanating from environmental conditions, manifests itself in symptoms that may lead to fatal illness, recoverable illness, or no illness depending on individual circumstances of patient vulnerability, preventive actions, and intervention. In the aviation system the analogy of the disease process is the predilection for error of human participants. This arises from factors in the operating or physical environment and results in errors of commission or omission that, again depending on the individual circumstances, may lead to accidents, system perturbations, or harmless corrections. A discussion of the previous investigations, each of which manifests the application of the epidemiological method, exemplifies its use and effectiveness

Staying Open: How Restricting Venue in Texas's Judicial Bypass Cases Would Hurt Minors and Violate the Constitution

This Article will explain how, although House Bill 1212 could prevent venue-shopping, restricting available venues would prevent a significant number of minors from accessing judicial bypass proceedings, thus jeopardizing the constitutionality of the entire process

Problem-based learning in an on-line biotechnology course

Problem-based learning (PBL) is a pedagogical tool that uses a real world problem or situation as a context for learning. PBL encourages student development of critical thinking skills, a high professional competency, problem-solving ability, knowledge acquisition, the ability to work productively as a team member and make decisions in unfamiliar situations, and the acquisition of skills that support self-directed life-long learning, metacognition, and adaptation to change. However, little research has focused on the use of PBL in on-line virtual classes. We conducted two studies exploring the use of PBL in an on-line biotechnology course. In the first study, ethical, legal, social, and human issues were used as a motivation for learning about DNA testing technologies, applications, and bioethical issues. In the second study, we combined PBL pedagogy with a rich multimedia environment of streaming video interviews, physical artifacts, and extensive links to articles and databases to create a multidimensional immersive PBL environment called Robert\u27s World . In Robert\u27s World , a man is determining whether to undergo a pre-symptomatic DNA test for an untreatable, incurable, fatal genetic disease for which he has a family history. In both studies, design and implementation issues of the on-line PBL environment are discussed, as are differences between on-line PBL and face-to-face PBL. Both studies provide evidence to suggest that PBL stimulates higher-order learning in students. However, in both studies, student performance on an exam testing acquisition of lower-order factual learning was lower for PBL students than for students who learned the same material through a traditional lecture-based approach. Possible reasons for this lower level of performance are explored. Student feedback expressed engagement with the issues and material covered, with reservations about some aspects of the PBL format, such as the lack of flexibility provided in cooperative learning. We conclude that on-line PBL is a powerful tool in helping to develop higher-order learning in students. The reasons for the decrease in student understanding of factual information are unclear. However, there are certain circumstances unique to on-line classes to keep in mind when implementing on-line PBL. These are summarized in concluding recommendations

A Tentative Modeling Study of the Effect of Wall Reactions on Oxidation Phenomena

This paper gives details of a tentative modeling study that investigates the inhibiting effect of internal reactor walls treated with acid..

Effects of Turnouts and Structure Boots on the Kinematics of Firefighters During a Drop Landing

Firefighters require the ability to perform under intense conditions involving challenging movements. Protective gear, such as turnouts and structure boots, plays an impactful role in protecting firefighters. Understanding how the gear influences movement is essential for improving their safety and performance. PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the effects of turnouts and structure boots on the sagittal plane ankle and knee kinematics of firefighters during a drop-landing. METHODS: Eleven healthy male firefighters participated. Retroreflective markers were attached to the subject\u27s lower extremities to identify their anatomy and movement using a three-dimensional motion capture system. The subjects performed three drop-landing tasks from an 18-inch box to replicate getting off of a fire truck by stepping off the box, leading with their dominant leg, and landing on two force plates with both feet. Three trials were collected for each condition: (1) exercise attire and (2) turnouts and structure boots; the condition order was randomized. RESULTS: Significant findings included decreased ankle plantarflexion and increased knee flexion angles at initial contact, decreased ankle angular displacement, and decreased ankle velocity in the turnouts and boots compared to baseline exercise attire. The turnouts and structure boots trended to decrease knee angular displacement with moderate effect size. CONCLUSION: In the turnouts and boots, there was reduced ankle plantarflexion and increased knee flexion angles at initial contact which contributed to a significant decrease in total ankle displacement and velocity, possibly due to the rigid structure of the boots externally supporting the ankle joint. The boots also reduced the subject\u27s knee displacement which was likely affected by the increased initial angle. Turnouts and structure boots were associated with a decrease in lower extremity kinematics and may shift biomechanical demands proximally. Continued repetitions of increased force demands with limited mobility imposed on firefighters can explain biomechanical changes that contribute to common back and knee injuries in firefighters. Further research is needed to analyze the effects of turnouts and boots on lower extremity kinetics as well as biomechanics of the hip and back

A comparative study of inservice teachers' expressed perceptions of shared decision making

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Department of Administration and Higher Education,Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-78

Clinical Characteristics Associated with Bacterial Bloodstream Coinfection in COVID-19

INTRODUCTION: Inappropriate antibiotic use in COVID-19 is often due to treatment of presumed bacterial coinfection. Predictive factors to distinguish COVID-19 from COVID-19 with bacterial coinfection or bloodstream infection are limited. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 595 COVID-19 patients admitted between March 8, 2020, and April 4, 2020, to describe factors associated with a bacterial bloodstream coinfection (BSI). The primary outcome was any characteristic associated with BSI in COVID-19, with secondary outcomes including 30-day mortality and days of antibiotic therapy (DOT) by antibiotic consumption (DOT/1000 patient-days). Variables of interest were compared between true BSI (n = 25) and all other COVID-19 cases (n = 570). A secondary comparison was performed between positive blood cultures with true BSI (n = 25) and contaminants (n = 33) on antibiotic use. RESULTS: Fever (\u3e 38 °C) (as a COVID-19 symptom) was not different between true BSI (n = 25) and all other COVID-19 patients (n = 570) (p = 0.93), although it was different as a reason for emergency department (ED) admission (p = 0.01). Neurological symptoms (ED reason or COVID-19 symptom) were significantly higher in the true BSI group (p \u3c 0.01, p \u3c 0.01) and were independently associated with true BSI (ED reason: OR = 3.27, p \u3c 0.01; COVID-19 symptom: OR = 2.69, p = 0.03) on multivariate logistic regression. High (15-19.9 × 10(9)/L) white blood cell (WBC) count at admission was also higher in the true BSI group (p \u3c 0.01) and was independently associated with true BSI (OR = 2.56, p = 0.06) though was not statistically significant. Thirty-day mortality was higher among true BSI (p \u3c 0.01). Antibiotic consumption (DOT/1000 patient-days) between true BSI and contaminants was not different (p = 0.34). True bloodstream coinfection was 4.2% (25/595) over the 28-day period. CONCLUSION: True BSI in COVID-19 was associated with neurological symptoms and nonsignificant higher WBC, and led to overall higher 30-day mortality and worse patient outcomes