Predicting risk and prognosis of preeclampsia by evaluating platelet indices

Background: Preeclampsia is an obstetric disorder affecting 2-8% pregnancies globally and 8-10% pregnancies in India. The study was conducted to evaluate platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width as potential predictor of preeclampsia. It also aimed to see if these platelet indices have a prognostic significance in determining the preeclampsia severity.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 120 pregnant women at 20 to 24 weeks of gestation with singleton pregnancy. At monthly intervals CBC (complete blood count) was done from 20 to 24 weeks till delivery and 7 days after delivery. Data with increasing gestation were collected, analysed and expressed as mean, standard deviations and correlation coefficients.Results: We observed significant decrease in PC and increase in MPV and PDW in patients with preeclampsia compared to normotensive patients. We also observed that it was more significant in severe preeclampsia than non-severe preeclampsia. The r value of PC for normotensive, non-severe and severe preeclampsia was -0.58, -0.59 and -0.94 respectively. The r value of MPV for normotensive, non-severe and severe preeclampsia was 0.89, 0.97 and 0.98 respectively. The r value of PDW for normotensive, non-severe and severe preeclampsia was 0.98, 0.98 and 0.99 respectively.Conclusions: Patients with preeclampsia are more likely to have changes in PC, MPV and PDW, which can be observed in early pregnancy. Thus, estimation of PC, MPV and PDW can be considered as an early, simple and cost-effective procedure in the estimating the severity of preeclampsi

Extranodal manifestation of Rosai-Dorfman disease with bilateral ocular involvement

Rosai-Dorfman disease, that is, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a benign systemic proliferative disorder of histiocytes. The typical clinical presentation of the disease includes bilateral painless massive lymphadenopathy, fever and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Extranodal involvement is present in only a few cases and skin lesions are the most common form of extranodal disease. However, purely cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is uncommon. In this study, we describe a 10-year-old child presenting with bilateral ocular involvement

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia of the thyroid: A cytological dilemma

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophilia (SMECE) of the thyroid is a rare primary thyroid tumor arising in a background of Hashimoto′s/lymphocytic thyroiditis and has been recently introduced in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of thyroid tumors. It is characterized by extensive sclerosis, squamous and glandular differentiation, and inflammatory infiltrate rich in eosinophil. Here, we are discussing the cytological features of this rare case in a 35-year-old female presented with thyroid swelling and lymph-node enlargement

Clinical and cyto-morphological characterization of triple negative breast cancer

Objective: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), despite being the uncommon subtype, contributes a major portion to mortality and associated with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytological criteria for the diagnosis of TNBC through fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Material and Method: Clinical, cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) data of 256 patients were evaluated, and patient were classified as TNBC and non-TNBC phenotype by IHC. All cytological specimens were reviewed for 12 criteria: cellularity, tubule/gland formation, syncytial clusters, large bare nuclei, nuclear atypia, chromatin pattern, cell borders, nucleolus, cytoplasm, lymphocytic infiltrate, calcification, and necrosis. The Fischer's exact test was used to show test association. Result: Out of 256 patients, 82 patients were TNBC, and 174 patients were non-TNBC. TNBC phenotype showed statistically significant association to cellularity, tubule/gland formation, syncytial cluster formation, bare nuclei, nuclear atypia, cell borders, lymphocyte infiltration, and necrosis. Conclusion: FNAC can be helpful in making diagnosis of TNBC and along with ER, PR, HER2 characterization, helpful in planning treatment strategy, saving time, manpower, and resources in the patient management

Uncommon Papillary Lesions in Human Breast-Rare Pathology

Breast cancer is a lesion that usually affects female but the male community is not spared from being affected. The cause of male breast cancer is not clear but predisposing factors found are increased age over 50’s, family history of breast cancer, Klinefelter’s syndrome, obesity with BMI 30 or more. Hyperoestrogenism resulting from gonadal dysfunction, obesity, even excess alcohol causes increased risk of breast cancer in males. We are reporting a case of breast carcinoma in 45 years male presenting with complaints of hard painless breast nodule around nipple and areola. The incidence of carcinoma is quite low in males with 4.1% of all breast cancer cases and 2.8% of all breast lesions. Here, we are reporting two cases of invasive papillary carcinomas of the breast, in 1 male patients aged 45 years and 1 female patient 72 years. presented breast masses which were diagnosed by FNAC and confirmed by histopathological examination whereas, the third case is 50 years male reported as Intraductal papilloma on histopathology

Improving Diagnosis of Cervical Pre-Cancer: Combination of PCA and SVM Applied on Fluorescence Lifetime Images

We report a significant improvement in the diagnosis of cervical cancer through a combined application of principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) on the average fluorescence decay profile of Fluorescence Lifetime Images (FLI) of epithelial hyperplasia (EH) and CIN-I cervical tissue samples, obtained ex-vivo. The fast and slow components of double exponential fitted fluorescence lifetimes were found to be higher for EH compared to the lifetimes of CIN-I samples. Application of PCA to the average time-resolved fluorescence decay profiles showed that the 2nd PC, in combination with 1st PC, enhanced the discrimination between EH and CIN-I tissues. Fluorescence lifetime and PC scores were then classified separately by using SVM support vector machine to identify the two. On applying SVM to a combination of fluorescence lifetime and PC scores, diagnostic capability improved significantly

Cytological diagnosis of pediatric thyroid nodule in perspective of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology

Background: Thyroid nodule is one of the most common endocrinopathies occurring children and adolescents. Though thyroid nodule is rare in the pediatric age group, the rate of malignancy is much higher in this age group compared to adult population. Aim: The objective is to study the application of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) in pediatric patients and compare the findings with histology. Materials and Methods: A total of 218 cases younger than 18 years were studied in a 4-year period from August 2010 to July 2014. The smears were categorized according to TBSRTC into six categories — Nondiagnostic, benign, atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN), suspicious for malignancy (SM), and malignancy. Results: Out of 218 cases, 33 were males and 185 were females. Histological follow-up was available in 44 cases. The diagnosis according to TBSRTC included 12 (5.5%) nondiagnostic, 151 (69.26%) benign, 23 (10.5%) AUS/FLUS, 18 (8.2%) SFN, 5 (2.3%) SM, and 9 (4.1%) malignancy cases. On histological follow-up, the rate of malignancy in each category was 0%, 0%, 8.3%, 10% 100%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that TBSRTC in pediatric thyroid nodule is as sensitive and specific as in adults, especially with 100% accuracy in the diagnosis of benign and malignant categories