Gender Wage Gap: IPO FIRMS

Gender Pay Gap at IPO Firms Kenia Chavez, Mentor: Dr. Tareque Nasser Department of Finance College of Business Administration According to a study conducted by Bernadette D. Proctor in 2015, women working full time in the United States typically were paid just 80 percent of what men were paid. This 20 percent pay-gap is observed both at the rank-and-file labor-force and the corporate executive levels at public corporations. However, the state of gender pay-gap at entrepreneurial ventures or IPO firms is not well documented. This research project is aimed at filling this gap in the literature. The research motivation for undertaking this study is twofold. First and foremost, if we were to study the nature of gender pay gap more closely, it is essential that one examines the firms that straddle between small and large, and private and public; IPO firms perfectly fit that description. Second, this topic draws significant interest of the media and is deemed important in policy circles so that any socio-economic gender bias can be eliminated, or at best alleviated, through curative policies. The main hurdle of conducting this research is the lack of readily available data on entrepreneurial firms. But this data can be hand collected from EDGAR’s (SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system) IPO prospectus filings. Therefore, we have begun the process of collecting data from EDGAR. Our sample of IPOs is between 1996 and 2013 obtained from the Securities Data Company (SDC). Accounting data would be collected from Compustat. For a comparative analysis with the S&P 1500 companies, we would use Execucomp data. The study would principally rely on regressions and matching methodologies for analysis. We have collected about half of the required data from EDGAR, which does not allow us to state anything definitive at the moment. We are hoping that the data collection will be completed by the end of spring 2019, and a working draft of an academic paper will be ready by the end of summer 2019 for conference presentations and submission to a journal for publication

Nivel educativo y relación sobre conocimiento de enfermedades Cardiometabólicas en pacientes del Hospital Sullana 2018

El presente trabajo de tesis tuvo como propósito determinar si el nivel educativo de los pacientes del hospital de apoyo sullana - II tienen relación con el conocimiento de enfermedades cardiometabólicas. Para lo cual se realizó una Investigación Aplicada . El diseño de Investigación utilizado es No Experimental - Transeccional - Correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por los pacientes que ingresaron al servicio de hospitalización de Medicina del Hospital de Apoyo Sullana II durante los meses Febrero-Marzo 2018. Con una muestra No Probabilística intencional, conformada por todos los pacientes con enfermedades cardiometabólicas que se hospitalizaron en el servicio de Medicina del Hospital de Apoyo II Sullana. La Técnica utilizada fue una fuente primaria: Encuesta. Encontrandose que la mayoría con un 57,1% tenía educación secundaria y en menor proporción con 3,6% tienen educación inicial, el 3,6% superior universitaria y el 3,6% son analfabetos; el 100% tiene conocimiento de las complicaciones, y el 39,2% tienen conocimiento sobre prevención. Se concluyó que el nivel educativo que más predomino fue secundaria en un 57,1%; el 100% de los pacientes tienen conocimiento sobre complicaciones de enfermedades cardiometabolicas y obteniendose una correlación positiva fuerte, con un coeficiente de correlación de spearman igual a 0,51.Tesi

Impact of hospital characteristics on implementation of a Pediatric Early Warning System in resource-limited cancer hospitals

BackgroundPediatric Early Warning Systems (PEWS) aid in identification of deterioration in hospitalized children with cancer but are underutilized in resource-limited settings. Proyecto EVAT is a multicenter quality improvement (QI) collaborative in Latin America to implement PEWS. This study investigates the relationship between hospital characteristics and time required for PEWS implementation.MethodsThis convergent mixed-methods study included 23 Proyecto EVAT childhood cancer centers; 5 hospitals representing quick and slow implementers were selected for qualitative analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 71 stakeholders involved in PEWS implementation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated to English, then coded using a priori and novel codes. Thematic content analysis explored the impact of hospital characteristics and QI experience on time required for PEWS implementation and was supplemented by quantitative analysis exploring the relationship between hospital characteristics and implementation time.ResultsIn both quantitative and qualitative analysis, material and human resources to support PEWS significantly impacted time to implementation. Lack of resources produced various obstacles that extended time necessary for centers to achieve successful implementation. Hospital characteristics, such as funding structure and type, influenced PEWS implementation time by determining their resource-availability. Prior hospital or implementation leader experience with QI, however, helped facilitate implementation by assisting implementers predict and overcome resource-related challenges.ConclusionsHospital characteristics impact time required to implement PEWS in resource-limited childhood cancer centers; however, prior QI experience helps anticipate and adapt to resource challenges and more quickly implement PEWS. QI training should be a component of strategies to scale-up use of evidence-based interventions like PEWS in resource-limited settings

Rapid, Sensitive, and Selective Detection of H5 Hemagglutinin from Avian Influenza Virus Using an Immunowall Device

Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection, caused by influenza virus type A, is an infectious, acute respiratory disease of birds related to influenza outbreaks worldwide. The highly pathogenic AIV subtype H5N1 has crossed species barriers to infect mammals, including humans, with fatal outcomes and has received attention as a potential pandemic threat. A rapid and timely detection in poultry is vitally important to prevent the virus spread. Despite their great sensitivity, conventional detection methods such as real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the agar gel precipitation test are time-consuming and labor-intensive and require special training. In this work, an immunowall device was evaluated as an easier and faster way for detecting AIV H5-hemagglutinin (AIV H5-HA). For detection, fluorescence-labeled or enzyme-labeled antibody was employed as a labeling antibody in a sandwich immunoassay. Both were shown in this paper to be easier and faster assays for detection compared with the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In addition, high selectivity was achieved for AIV H5-HA detection after the evaluation of other different HA virus subtypes. The limit of detection was 0.23 ng/mL for the enzyme-labeled antibody. This value was equivalent to that of the conventional ELISA kit but 8 times faster (31 min compared to 260 min). The detection range was 0.23-100 ng/mL. The immunowall device with the enzyme-labeled antibody offers a rapid, sensitive, selective, and simple immunoassay system for future H5 AIV real sample detection

Latin American Association for the study of the liver (ALEH) practice guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) currently represents an epidemic worldwide. NAFLD is the most frequently diagnosed chronic liver disease, affecting 20–30% of the general population. Furthermore, its prevalence is predicted to increase exponentially in the next decades, concomitantly with the global epidemic of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and sedentary lifestyle. NAFLD is a clinical syndrome that encompasses a wide spectrum of associated diseases and hepatic complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, this disease is believed to become the main indication for liver transplantation in the near future. Since NAFLD management represents a growing challenge for primary care physicians, the Asociación Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Hígado (ALEH) has decided to organize this Practice Guidance for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, written by Latin-American specialists in different clinical areas, and destined to general practitioners, internal medicine specialists, endocrinologists, diabetologists, gastroenterologists, and hepatologists. The main purpose of this document is to improve patient care and awareness of NAFLD. The information provided in this guidance may also be useful in assisting stakeholders in the decision-making process related to NAFLD. Since new evidence is constantly emerging on different aspects of the disease, updates to this guideline will be required in future

Deep sequencing analysis of clinical samples from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 delta surge in Madurai, India

BackgroundSeasonal outbreaks of infectious conjunctivitis remain a public health issue. Determination of outbreak etiologies in the context of a worldwide pandemic may provide useful information to guide public health strategies. The aim of this study was to identify pathogens associated with outpatient infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Delta surge.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted from April 2021 to September 2021. All outpatients presenting to the Aravind Eye Center (Madurai, India) with signs and symptoms consistent with acute infectious conjunctivitis were eligible. Three swabs were obtained from each participant: one from each conjunctiva and one from the anterior nares. Samples were processed for metagenomic RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq).ResultsSamples from 106 study participants were sequenced. The most common presenting symptoms were tearing (86%) and itching (71%). Preauricular lymphadenopathy was present in 38% of participants. 20% of participants had close contacts with similar symptoms. Systemic symptoms such as coughing, runny nose, vomiting or diarrhea were uncommonly reported. 60% of all participants used some medicated eye drops upon enrollment. 75% of study participants demonstrated infection with human adenovirus D (HAdV-D). 11% of conjunctivitis was associated with SARS-CoV-2. 15% had no definitive pathogen detected. 8% of all participants had codetection of more than one pathogen on RNA-seq.ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 Delta surge in India, HAdV-D was the most common pathogen associated with infectious conjunctivitis. SARS-CoV-2 was the second most common associated pathogen. Seasonal surveillance may be necessary for the determination of emerging and reemerging pathogens responsible for infectious conjunctivitis