Effect of the Predecessor and the Nitrogen Rate on Productivity and Essential Oil Content of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Southeast Bulgaria

Received: May 31st, 2022 ; Accepted: August 13th, 2022 ; Published: September 19th, 2022 ; Correspondence: [email protected] (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the most important essential oil crops on a global scale. Coriander productivity is determined by the genotype, the environmental factors, as well the agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted in Southeast Bulgaria during three vegetation seasons (2015, 2016, and 2017). The present study aimed at analysing the influence of two crop predecessors (winter wheat and sunflower) and four nitrogen (N) levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 ). Productivity elements, seed yield, and seed essential oil content of coriander (cv. Mesten drebnoploden) were under evaluation. The results obtained showed that winter wheat was a more suitable predecessor of coriander in comparison to sunflower. The highest results regarding the number of umbels per plant, the umbel’s diameter, the number of umbellets per umbel, the number of seeds per umbel, the seed weight per plant, the 1,000 seed mass, as well as the seed yield for the rate of 80 kg ha-1 of N were recorded. The highest essential oil content after applying 120 kg ha-1 of N was established. Increasing the N level from 0 to 120 kg ha-1 led to a positive and significant effect on essential oil yield. No significant differences between the N rates of 80 and 120 kg ha-1 were recorded. The received results contributed for the evaluatation of the optimum nitrogen level, as well as for the determination of a more suitable predecessor of coriander in order to obtain the highest yield of better quality in the region of Southeast Bulgaria

The integral monodromy of hyperelliptic and trielliptic curves

We compute the \integ/\ell and \integ_\ell monodromy of every irreducible component of the moduli spaces of hyperelliptic and trielliptic curves. In particular, we provide a proof that the \integ/\ell monodromy of the moduli space of hyperelliptic curves of genus $g$ is the symplectic group \sp_{2g}(\integ/\ell). We prove that the \integ/\ell monodromy of the moduli space of trielliptic curves with signature $(r,s)$ is the special unitary group \su_{(r,s)}(\integ/\ell\tensor\integ[\zeta_3])

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

CONSERVING LOCAL DIVERSITY OF COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L.) IN SITU / ON FARM

Dry bean is considered as one of the major legume crop with big number of landraces grown in Bulgaria. Local forms of Phaseolus spp. are conserved on farm in different geographical regions and show a wide morphological diversity. The aim of our study was to collect, conserve and characterize local populations of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Phaseolus coccineus L. typically grown in Smilyan, Troyan and Velingrad regions. The most popular local forms were characterized using different approaches. In this paper we will present results from morphological characterization and phythopathological evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative traits were assessed on 50 accessions of Phaseolus spp. during vegetation cycle. All information was documented in European electronic catalog “EURISCO” and is available on line (http://eurisco.ecpgr.org

Length of the growing season and yield in Triticum monococcum L., in accordance with the growing conditions

Abstract. The aim of the current study is to trace the changes in the length of the growing season in accordance with the accumulated effective temperatures, rains and plant nutrition during the vegetation period, as well as the influence of these indices on the grain yield. The study was conducted in the period 2015 – 2016 in the experimental field of Institute of Plant Genetic Resources – Sadovo with the local variety B3E0025 from the National Genebank in Sadovo. The experiment was made in block method in four repetitions. Three sowing times were made – autumn, winter and early spring and two options of N fertilization – without additional N and 3 kg/da input of active N substance in tillеring phase. The beginning of the basic phenophases has been observed. As a result of the study it was established that the vegetation period in T. monococcum L. has 114-238 days’ duration and accumulation of effective temperature of 2266.0- 2714.71°C. The length of the growing season and the necessary accumulated temperature depends on the sowing period, the predecessor, the amount of nutrient substances and soil moisture. The extension of the critical phases of autumn sowing favours the obtaining of higher yield. The significance of the effective temperatures decreases with additional N input

Influence of basic agrotechnical activities on the productivity and yield of Triticum monococcumL.

Abstract. The study was conducted during the period 2014 – 2016 in the experimental field of Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Sadovo. The influence of the period of sowing, the predecessor and the fertilization on the elements of productivity and grain yield per hectare in einkorn wheat were studied. It was established that the structural elements of productivity - number of productive tillers, length of the spike, number of spikelets per spike, mass of central spike, number of grains in central spike, weight of the grains from the central spike are with the highest values in plants grown after predecessor peas, sown in autumn and fertilized with extra nitrogen. With least developed productive capabilities are the plant variants sown in spring after sunflower and without additional fertilization with nitrogen. With proved the biggest impact on grain yield per hectare is the date of sowing. The sources of variation: predecessor and combined effect of factors predecessor x fertilization show equal share of influence on the productivity of einkorn. The results from the study give science-based information on the most favorable time of sowing, fertilizing and predecessor in einkorn

Pepper Diseases in Balkan Region

One of the most important problems affecting pepper production in the Balkan peninsula is the occurrence of common pathogens causing severe diseases and epidemics resulting in reduced and compromised yield. Phytophthora capsici, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium spp., Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Potato virus Y (PVY) etc. are among the most devastating and widely distributed pathogens. This region is also characterized with endemic, emerging or newly introduced pathogens threatening pepper production. In the last years new pepper fungal pathogens (Phomopsis capsici and several Colletotrichum spp.) were found in Bulgaria with increasingly frequency. In 2010 a SEE-ERA. NET project started combining the research efforts of seven scientific institutions from five Balkan countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia and Serbia). The strategic objectives of the project are: i) to explore Balkan biodiversity of Capsicum spp. in order to extract biotic stress resistant germplasm; ii) to update knowledge about the most economically important and emerging pathogens on Capsicum in the Balkan region and to form pathogen collection; iii) to develop database, concerning the pepper pathogen occurrence in the mentioned regions; iv) to identify areas at differing pathogen risk in the involved Balkan countries and to define risks related to introduction of new pathogen biotypes by trading. Adequate knowledge for pathogens is essential for the management of the diseases, caused by them and for solving problems in sustainable and conventional agriculture. First joint collecting expeditions have been carried out. Pathogens have been isolated, identified and characterized mainly at species level. Collections have been created and properly preserved in related institutes for further investigations concerning the race and strain specificity of the saved pathogens and host-pathogen interaction