Français ponte, ou distinguer pour unir

Dictionaries of Modern French either distinguish between two homonymous masculine nouns ponte, or treat this form as a case of polysemy with two related meanings, depending on whether one or two etymons are ascribed. These words are terms from two card games that were introduced into France in the 17th century, hombre from Spain and bassette from Italy. The history of the vocabulary used for these two games in French shows that they gave rise to two different series of borrowings, so that the two ponte word-forms are homonyms: the hombre one was borrowed from Spanish punto, and the other one, from the game called bassette, was taken from the verb ponter ‘to stake, bet', which is a borrowing from Italian puntare

Français ponte, ou distinguer pour unir

Dictionaries of Modern French either distinguish between two homonymous masculine nouns ponte, or treat this form as a case of polysemy with two related meanings, depending on whether one or two etymons are ascribed. These words are terms from two card games that were introduced into France in the 17th century, hombre from Spain and bassette from Italy. The history of the vocabulary used for these two games in French shows that they gave rise to two different series of borrowings, so that the two ponte word-forms are homonyms: the hombre one was borrowed from Spanish punto, and the other one, from the game called bassette, was taken from the verb ponter to stake, bet', which is a borrowing from Italian puntare

Quand la linguistique française ne saurait que se faire romane : du neuf dans le traitement étymologique du lexique héréditaire

International audienceSi l'historiographie linguistique doit citer un changement majeur dans la conception et la pratique de l'étymologie française au 20e siècle, c'est sans doute le remplacement de l'« étymologie-origine » par l'« étymologie-histoire ». Cette conception renouvelée de l'étymologie a généré une production nombreuse et de très grande qualité, qui fait du lexique français un des mieux étymologisés du monde. Cependant, la focalisation sur l'« étymologie-histoire » a eu une conséquence négative : ayant éliminé la technique de l'étymologie-origine de ses pratiques, la recherche étymologique a cru pouvoir abandonner aussi la réflexion portant sur l'origine comme partie de la technique de l'étymologie-histoire. La présente communication pose, pour la première fois depuis plusieurs générations, la question de la facette « origine » de l'étymologie du lexique héréditaire français : quelle étiquette glottonymique est-elle la plus adéquate ? comment convient-il de cerner le signifiant, le signifié et les caractéristiques morphosyntaxiques de l'étymon ? L'analyse débouche sur le constat qu'une étymologie du lexique héréditaire français qui est pensée – ou même qui se contente de s'exprimer – à l'intérieur même du français est vouée à l'échec. Dans ce domaine, en effet, la linguistique française ne peut pas être autarcique : c'est la grammaire comparée des parlers romans qui lui fournit le cadre approprié pour répondre aux questions qu'elle se pose

Endoleak, a specific complication of the endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms

peer reviewedEndoleaks represent the most common complication of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. With the increasing use of endovascular techniques for aortic aneurysm repair, the prevalence of endoleaks has risen. While maintaining pressurization of the aneurysm sac, endoleaks expose to persistent risks of an evolution towards rupture. Long-term surveillance with imaging studies is necessary to reduce the incidence of these specific complications that may require intervention. The objective of this article is to draw the attention to the possible occurrence of these complications and to report the elements of diagnosis and treatment

Biomedicines

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is the leading cause of allograft failure in kidney transplantation. Its histological hallmark is represented by lesions of glomerulitis i.e., inflammatory cells within glomeruli. Current therapies for ABMR fail to prevent chronic allograft damage i.e., transplant glomerulopathy, leading to allograft loss. We used laser microdissection of glomeruli from formalin-fixed allograft biopsies combined with mass spectrometry-based proteomics to describe the proteome modification of 11 active and 10 chronic active ABMR cases compared to 8 stable graft controls. Of 1335 detected proteins, 77 were deregulated in glomerulitis compared to stable grafts, particularly involved in cellular stress mediated by interferons type I and II, leukocyte activation and microcirculation remodeling. Three proteins extracted from this protein profile, TYMP, WARS1 and GBP1, showed a consistent overexpression by immunohistochemistry in glomerular endothelial cells that may represent relevant markers of endothelial stress during active ABMR. In transplant glomerulopathy, 137 proteins were deregulated, which favor a complement-mediated mechanism, wound healing processes through coagulation activation and ultimately a remodeling of the glomerular extracellular matrix, as observed by light microscopy. This study brings novel information on glomerular proteomics of ABMR in kidney transplantation, and highlights potential targets of diagnostic and therapeutic interest

Titin-truncating variants affect heart function in disease cohorts and the general population

Titin-truncating variants (TTNtv) commonly cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). TTNtv are also encountered in ~1% of the general population, where they may be silent, perhaps reflecting allelic factors. To better understand TTNtv, we integrated TTN allelic series, cardiac imaging and genomic data in humans and studied rat models with disparate TTNtv. In patients with DCM, TTNtv throughout titin were significantly associated with DCM. Ribosomal profiling in rat showed the translational footprint of premature stop codons in Ttn, TTNtv-position-independent nonsense-mediated degradation of the mutant allele and a signature of perturbed cardiac metabolism. Heart physiology in rats with TTNtv was unremarkable at baseline but became impaired during cardiac stress. In healthy humans, machine-learning-based analysis of high-resolution cardiac imaging showed TTNtv to be associated with eccentric cardiac remodeling. These data show that TTNtv have molecular and physiological effects on the heart across species, with a continuum of expressivity in health and disease

Measurement of inclusive π0\pi^{0} production in hadronic Z0Z^{0} decays

An analysis is presented of inclusive \pi^0 production in Z^0 decays measured with the DELPHI detector. At low energies, \pi^0 decays are reconstructed by \linebreak using pairs of converted photons and combinations of converted photons and photons reconstructed in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter (HPC). At high energies (up to x_p = 2 \cdot p_{\pi}/\sqrt{s} = 0.75) the excellent granularity of the HPC is exploited to search for two-photon substructures in single showers. The inclusive differential cross section is measured as a function of energy for {q\overline q} and {b \bar b} events. The number of \pi^0's per hadronic Z^0 event is N(\pi^0)/ Z_{had}^0 = 9.2 \pm 0.2 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.0 \mbox{(syst)} and for {b \bar b}~events the number of \pi^0's is {\mathrm N(\pi^0)/ b \overline b} = 10.1 \pm 0.4 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 1.1 \mbox{(syst)} . The ratio of the number of \pi^0's in b \overline b events to hadronic Z^0 events is less affected by the systematic errors and is found to be 1.09 \pm 0.05 \pm 0.01. The measured \pi^0 cross sections are compared with the predictions of different parton shower models. For hadronic events, the peak position in the \mathrm \xi_p = \ln(1/x_p) distribution is \xi_p^{\star} = 3.90^{+0.24}_{-0.14}. The average number of \pi^0's from the decay of primary \mathrm B hadrons is found to be {\mathrm N} (B \rightarrow \pi^0 \, X)/\mbox{B hadron} = 2.78 \pm 0.15 \mbox{(stat)} \pm 0.60 \mbox{(syst)}

Search for new phenomena using single photon events in the DELPHI detector at LEP

Data are presented on the reaction \epem~\into~\gamma + no other detected particle at center-of-mass energies, \sqs = 89.48 GeV, 91.26 GeV and 93.08 GeV. The cross section for this reaction is related directly to the number of light neutrino generations which couple to the \zz boson, and to several other phenomena such as excited neutrinos, the production of an invisible `X' particle, a possible magnetic moment of the tau neutrino, and neutral monojets. Based on the observed number of single photon events, the number of light neutrinos which couple to the \zz is measured to be N_\nu = 3.15 \pm 0.34. No evidence is found for anomalous production of energetic single photons, and upper limits at the 95\% confidence level are determined for excited neutrino production (BR < 4-9 \times 10^{-6}), production of an invisible `X' particle (\sigma < 0.1 pb), and the magnetic moment of the tau neutrino (< 5.2 \times 10^{-6} \mu_B). No event with the topology of a neutral monojet is found, and this corresponds to the limit \sigma < 0.044/\epsilon pb at the 95\% confidence level, where \epsilon is the unknown overall monojet detection efficiency