Dossier 2 : Gouvernance locale et Développement durable

Avec la prudence écologique, l’équité sociale et l’efficacité économique, la gouvernance – comprise généralement comme démocratisation des processus de choix – est souvent présentée comme étant le « 4e pilier du développement durable ». Cependant, plus qu’une quatrième dimension qui s’ajouterait artificiellement à un corps général, la gouvernance se déduit assez logiquement d’une problématique pluridimensionnelle qui prend acte de la complexité du réel pour admettre la complexité des schémas ..

Demonstration of two-beam acceleration in CTF II

The second phase of the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) Test Facility (CTF II) at CERN has demon-strated the feasibility of two-beam acceleration at 30 GHz using a high-charge drive beam, running paral lel to the main beam, as the RF power source. To date accelerating gradients of 59 MV/m at 30 GHz have been achieved. In CTF II, the two beams are generated by 3 GHz RF photo-injectors and are acceler ated in 3 GHz linacs, before injection into the 30 GHz modules. The drive beam linac has to accelerate a 16 ns long train of 48 bunches, each with a nominal charge of 13.4 nC. To cope with the very su bstantial beam-loading special accelerating structures are used (running slightly off the bunch repetition frequency). A magnetic chicane compresses the bunches to less than 5 ps fwhm, this is needed for efficient 30 GHz power generation. The 30 GHz modules are fully-engineered representative sections of CLIC, they include a 30 GHz decelerator for the drive beam, a 30 GHz accelerator for the main beam, high resolution BPM's and a wire-based active align-ment system. The performance achieved so far, as well as the operational experience with the first accelerator of this type, are reported

Results from the CLIC Test Facility

In order to study the principle of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) based on the Two Beam Acceleration (TBA) scheme at high frequency, a CLIC Test Facility (CTF) has been set-up at CERN. After four years of successful running, the experimental programme is now fully completed and all its objectives reached, particularly the generation of a high intensity drive beam with short bunches by a photo-injector, the production of 30 GHz RF power and the acceleration of a probe beam by 30 GHz structures. A summary of the CTF results and their impact on linear collider design is given. This covers 30 GHz high power testing, study of intense, short single bunches; as well as RF-Gun, photocathode and beam diagnostic developments. A second phase of the test facility (CTF2) is presently being installed to demonstrate the feasibility of the TBA scheme by constructing a fully engineered, 10 m long, test section very similar to the CLIC drive and main linacs, producing up to 480 MW of peak RF power at 30 GHz and accelerating the beam up to 320 MeV. The present status of CTF2 is reported

L'enjeu d'une reconversion durable des territoires de tradition industrielle : l'exemple du bassin minier du Nord - Pas-de-Calais

The Stake of a sustainable Reconversion of industrial Tradition Territories : the Example of the Nord - Pas-de-Calais Coal field. Not only the reconverting areas are confronted with the stake of the renewal of their economic activities system, but beyond that, considering the consequences resulting from the past industrialization, they must deal with the objective, still more ambitious, of a renovation of the whole of their territory. Using the terms of a recent problematics, we will say that it is necessary to pass from a "non-sustainability" situation to a real sustainable development. Considering the example of the Nord - Pas de Calais coal basin, it seems to us that, after 40 years of reconverting policies, many recent initiatives aim to this stake of sustainable re-development.Non seulement les zones de reconversion sont confrontées à l'enjeu d'un renouvellement de leur système d'activités économiques, mais, au-delà, compte tenu des séquelles issues de l'industrialisation passée, ils doivent faire face à l'objectif, plus ambitieux encore, d'une rénovation de l'ensemble de leur territoire. Reprenant les termes d'une problématique récente, nous dirons qu'il leur faut passer d'une situation de non-durabilité à un véritable développement durable. Considérant l'exemple du bassin minier du Nord - Pas-de-Calais, il nous semble que, dans le prolongement de plus de 40 ans de politiques de reconversion, un certain nombre d'initiatives récentes vont dans le sens de cet enjeu de redéveloppement durable.Chautard Guy, Zuindeau Bertrand. L'enjeu d'une reconversion durable des territoires de tradition industrielle : l'exemple du bassin minier du Nord - Pas-de-Calais. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2001-3. Les populations des bassins d'industries lourdes. pp. 325-339

Role of STAT3 in Genesis and Progression of Human Malignant Gliomas

International audienceSignal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is aberrantly activated in glioblastoma and has been identified as a relevant therapeutic target in this disease and many other human cancers. After two decades of intensive research, there is not yet any approved STAT3-based glioma therapy. In addition to the canonical activation by tyrosine 705 phosphorylation, concordant reports described a potential therapeutic relevance of other post-translational modifications including mainly serine 727 phosphorylation. Such reports reinforce the need to refine the strategy of targeting STAT3 in each concerned disease. This review focuses on the role of serine 727 and tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in glioma. It explores their contribution to glial cell transformation and to the mechanisms that make glioma escape to both immune control and standard treatment