Rights, shares and claims: realising women’s rights in South Asia, working paper: resource mapping for women’s human rights work in Nepal

"Of the over 30,000 NGOs registered in the country, less than 10 per cent are classified as working on women's issues. Of the 123 NGOs registered in the country, only 10 are specifically supporting work on women's rights. INGOs and donors are the primary source of funding for work related to women's human rights being promoted by non-state actors. Funding for women's rights-related work is not declining as such, but the funding priorities, patterns and mechanisms are skewed. Also, recent focus on 'outcomes' and 'results' has led to quantitative focus of interventions rather than qualitative. Not all women's organisations and groups face similar challenges and obstacles. In general, large organisations (with large budgets), based out of the capital city, with highly trained staff and capacities in writing good quality proposals in English seem to have an advantage over smaller organisations based outside of the centre

Analytical Modeling of Channel Noise for Gate Material Engineered Surrounded/Cylindrical Gate (SGT/CGT) MOSFET

In this paper, an analytical modeling is presentated to describe the channel noise in GME SGT/CGT MOSFET, based on explicit functions of MOSFETs geometry and biasing conditions for all channel length down to deep submicron and is verified with the experimental data. Results shows the impact of various parameters such as gate bias, drain bias, channel length ,device diameter and gate material work function difference on drain current noise spectral density of the device reflecting its applicability for circuit design applications

Rights, shares and claims: realising women’s rights in South Asia, working paper: resource mapping for women’s human rights work in Nepal

"Of the over 30,000 NGOs registered in the country, less than 10 per cent are classified as working on women's issues. Of the 123 NGOs registered in the country, only 10 are specifically supporting work on women's rights. INGOs and donors are the primary source of funding for work related to women's human rights being promoted by non-state actors. Funding for women's rights-related work is not declining as such, but the funding priorities, patterns and mechanisms are skewed. Also, recent focus on 'outcomes' and 'results' has led to quantitative focus of interventions rather than qualitative. Not all women's organisations and groups face similar challenges and obstacles. In general, large organisations (with large budgets), based out of the capital city, with highly trained staff and capacities in writing good quality proposals in English seem to have an advantage over smaller organisations based outside of the centre

Frontal recession of Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalayas, from 1965 to 2006, measured through high-resolution remote sensing data

We report in this communication the length fluctuation and frontal area changes at the snout of Gangotri Glacier based on high-resolution satellite data from 1965 to 2006. Glacial outlines were mapped from declassified imageries from Corona (1965, 1968), Hexagon (1980) and Indian satellites IRS PAN (2001) and Cartosat-1 (2006). The results show that Gangotri Glacier exhibited retreat up to 819 ± 14 m and lost 0.41 ± 0.03 sq. km (~ 0.01 sq. km year–1) at its front from 1965 to 2006. The retreat rates are lower than those previously reported using coarse-resolution remote sensing data and the Survey of India topography map. The results of the present study are supported by in-situ field survey conducted by the Geological Survey of India

Rights, shares and claims: realising women’s rights in South Asia, working paper: resource mapping for women’s human rights work in Nepal

"Of the over 30,000 NGOs registered in the country, less than 10 per cent are classified as working on women's issues. Of the 123 NGOs registered in the country, only 10 are specifically supporting work on women's rights. INGOs and donors are the primary source of funding for work related to women's human rights being promoted by non-state actors. Funding for women's rights-related work is not declining as such, but the funding priorities, patterns and mechanisms are skewed. Also, recent focus on 'outcomes' and 'results' has led to quantitative focus of interventions rather than qualitative. Not all women's organisations and groups face similar challenges and obstacles. In general, large organisations (with large budgets), based out of the capital city, with highly trained staff and capacities in writing good quality proposals in English seem to have an advantage over smaller organisations based outside of the centre

Rights, shares and claims: realizing women's rights in South Asia, donor and resource mapping for promoting women's human rights in Bangladesh

"The post-independence era in Bangladesh, beginning in the early seventies, gave rise to international aid received, in funds, commodity and human resources by CSOs in the country. Bangladesh receives aid from both, multilaterals and bilateral sources. Taking into account the information given by the respondent organisations and key informants, VAW and gender justice, trafficking, political participation, legal services/intervention, sexuality and sexual rights, reproductive health, governance and infrastructure, along with overhead costs for the organisation programmes, are the most under-funded sections of women's rights work. Moreover, the structure and relationships that exist between the donors and the agencies that implement and monitor aid disbursement and programme management complicate the situation further.

Mapping of debris-covered glaciers in the Garhwal Himalayas using ASTER DEMs and thermal data

Mapping of debris-covered glaciers using remote-sensing techniques is recognized as one of the greatest challenges for generating glacier inventories and automated glacier change analysis. The use of visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) bands does not provide sufficient continual information to detect debris-covered ice with remote-sensing data. This article presents a semi-automated mapping method for the debris-covered glaciers of the Garhwal Himalayas based on an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) digital elevation model (DEM) and thermal data. Morphometric parameters such as slope, plan curvature and profile curvature were computed by means of the ASTER DEM and organized in similar surface groups using cluster analysis. A thermal mask was generated from a single band of an ASTER thermal image, while the clean-ice glaciers were identified using a band ratio based on ASTER bands 3 and 4. Vector maps were drawn up from the output of the cluster analysis, the thermal mask and the band ratio mask for the preparation of the final outlines of the debris-covered glaciers using geographic information system (GIS) overlay operations. The semi-automated mapped debris-covered glacier outline of Gangotri Glacier derived from 2006 ASTER data varied by about 5% from the manually outlined debris-covered glacier area of the Cartosat-1 high-resolution image from the same year. By contrast, outlines derived from the method developed using the 2001 ASTER DEM and Landsat thermal data varied by only 0.5% from manually digitized outlines based on Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS)-1C panchromatic (PAN) data. We found that post-depositional sedimentation by debris flow/mass movement was a great hindrance in the fully automated mapping of debris-covered glaciers in the polygenetic environment of the Himalayas. In addition, the resolution of ASTER stereo data and thermal band data limits the automated mapping of small debris-covered glaciers with adjacent end moraine. However, the results obtained for Gangotri Glacier confirm the strong potential of the approach presented.</p

Glacier changes in the Garhwal Himalaya, India, from 1968 to 2006 based on remote sensing

Glacier outlines are mapped for the upper Bhagirathi and Saraswati/Alaknanda basins of the Garhwal Himalaya using Corona and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite images acquired in 1968 and 2006, respectively. A subset of glaciers was also mapped using Landsat TM images acquired in 1990. Glacier area decreased from 599.9 ± 15.6 km2 (1968) to 572.5 ± 18.0 km2 (2006), a loss of 4.6 ± 2.8%. Glaciers in the Saraswati/Alaknanda basin and upper Bhagirathi basin lost 18.4 ± 9.0km2 (5.7±2.7%) and 9.0 ± 7.7km2 (3.3±2.8%), respectively, from 1968 to 2006. Garhwal Himalayan glacier retreat rates are lower than previously reported. More recently (1990–2006), recession rates have increased. The number of glaciers in the study region increased from 82 in 1968 to 88 in 2006 due to fragmentation of glaciers. Smaller glaciers (50 km2) which lost 2.8 ± 2.7% (0.074 ± 0.071% a–1). From 1968 to 2006, the debris-covered glacier area increased by 17.8 ± 3.1% (0.46 ± 0.08% a–1) in the Saraswati/Alaknanda basin and 11.8 ± 3.0% (0.31 ± 0.08% a–1) in the upper Bhagirathi basin. Climate records from Mukhim (∼1900 m a.s.l.) and Bhojbasa (∼3780 m a.s.l.) meteorological stations were used to analyze climate conditions and trends, but the data are too limited to make firm conclusions regarding glacier–climate interactions