DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TERBUTALINE SULFATE, BROMHEXINE HYDROCHLORIDE, AND ETOPHYLLINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The study aimed to development and validation of simple, precise, and reliable high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the determination of terbutaline sulfate (TBS), bromhexine hydrochloride (BRH), and etophylline (ETP) in pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: A simple, precise, rapid, and accurate HPTLC method was developed for the estimation of TBS, BRH, and ETP in pharmaceutical dosage form. Pre-coated silica gel G60 F254 aluminum sheet (10 cm2×10 cm2 and thickness 0.2 mm) was used as stationary phase while mobile phase consisting of benzene: methanol:glacial acetic acid 8:0.5:1.5 v/v/v detection at 275 nm. The present method had validated according to ICH guidelines. Results: Migration distance found 80 mm at 275 nm. The retention factor found to be 0.24, 0.57, and 0.68, respectively. The detector response was linear in the concentration range of 60–210 ng/band, 2400–8400 ng/band, and 96–336 ng/band, respectively. The linear regression equation being Y=32.20x−562.9, Y=11.79x−1711, and Y=1.756x−5636, respectively. The limit of detection for TBS 0.677 μg, for BRH 8.123 μg, and for ETP 57.915 μg and limit of quantification to be 2.053, 24.617, and 175.5 μg, respectively, were found. The developed method validated by ICH guideline, i.e., accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity, and system suitability. Conclusion: In this study, we had developed a simple, fast, and reliable HPTLC method for the determination of TBS, BRH, and ETP in pharmaceutical dosage form

A study of risk factors and fetomaternal outcome in patients with antepartum haemorrhage in a tertiary care centre

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is one of the most feared complications in obstetrics, contributing to a significant amount of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in our country. An antepartum haemorrhage is defined as bleeding into or from the genital tract from 24 weeks’ gestation and onwards, before the delivery of the baby. APH complicates about 2-5% of all the pregnancies with incidence of placenta previa (PP) about 0.33% to 0.55% and incidence of abruptio placenta (AP) about 0.5-1%. The maternal complications seen in patients with APH are malpresentations, premature labour, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), sepsis, shock and retained placenta and the various foetal complications are preterm baby, low birth weight, intrauterine death, congenital malformation and birth asphyxia. Methods: A 45 patients were included in this descriptive study and detailed history taking and clinical examination was done and the resultant maternal and neonatal outcome was noted. Results: Incidence of APH in current study was calculated to be 0.53%. Out of the 45 patients, 28 (62.3%) were diagnosed with placenta previa and 17 (37.8%) were diagnosed with abruptio placenta.  All 45 patients underwent caesarean section. 3 patients (6.6%) underwent obstetric hysterectomy due to diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. 35 alive and 8 dead born foetuses were delivered. 40% of new borns were admitted in NICU. Conclusions: Antepartum haemorrhage is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality which can be prevented by early antenatal registration, regular and frequent antenatal visits, early detection and labelling of high-risk cases, and early referral to higher centre when indicated

Study of fetomaternal outcome in HIV positive pregnant female at a tertiary health center in South Gujarat

Background: Prenatal identification of HIV infected women is crucial for delivery and optimal care to both mother and fetus. Prevention of parent-to-child transmission has been the major tool to identify HIV-infected pregnant women by voluntary counselling and testing for HIV and provide antiretroviral drug prophylaxis to them during delivery and then to their newborn infants. Aim and objective was to study the fetomaternal outcome of HIV Positive antenatal patients. Methods: This was simple descriptive study which was conducted between January 2017 to June 2019 with 18 months follow-up suggestive of 40 patients were having HIV positive among 9015 deliveries. Thorough examination, investigations and treatment given according to NACO guidelines and fetomaternal outcome were noted in all cases. Results: In present study, prevalence of HIV Positive pregnant women was 0.44%. Out of 40 patients, 5 patients were diagnosed with TB. 55% cases were diagnosed with HIV during ANC examination. 22 (55%) patients were having CD4 count >500 and 1 (2.5%) patient having low CD4 count <200. 32 (80%) patients delivered vaginally and 8 (20%) underwent LSCS. 8 (20%) of babies were admitted to NICU, 3 expired and 37 babies tested negative, 3 losses to follow-up and 34 tested negatives at 18months. Conclusions: Mother-to-child transmission is the predominant way children become infected with human immunodeficiency virus worldwide. Good antenatal care and multidisciplinary approach to HIV-infected women can have good pregnancy outcome and early prophylaxis to the baby leads to decreased incidence of disease in the community.

A Study To Assess Knowldege And Attitude Regarding Bio-Medical Waste Management Among The Staff Nurses Working In Selected Hospital Of Kheda District, Gujarat

The BMW waste produced in health care activities can be a high risk for infection and injury in compare to any other type of waste so, it is very important to have safe and reliable method to handle. It can be serious public health consequence and a significant impact on the environment if handle practice in inappropriate and inadequately.1 It has seen that management of bio medical waste is still very poor all over the world. Lack of awareness about the health hazards and its improper management of biomedical wastes were seen which is due to insufficient financial and human resources and poor control of waste disposal health care is vital for our life and health.2  METHOD AND MATERIAL: A quantitative research approach through descriptive research design was adopted, non-probability convenient sampling method was used to enroll 80 staff nurses at Nadiad, Kheda District. The data were collected structured knowledge questionnaires and Likert scale used for Attitude on Bio medical waste management. Data was done by descriptive infernal statics. RESULT: The study Show that frequency and percentage distribution of samples according to the knowledge score of Staff Nurses regarding biomedical waste management. It reveals that 0% of Staff nurses had inadequate knowledge, 48.75% of Staff Nurses had moderate level of knowledge, and 51.25% of paramedical workers had adequate knowledge. And also, Study shows that frequency and percentage distribution of samples according to the Attitude score of Staff nurses regarding biomedical waste management. It reveals that of, 44% of Staff nurses had good level of Attitude, and 56.25 % of paramedical workers had adequate Attitude, none of the Staff nurses had poor level of Attitude score of Staff nurses regarding biomedical waste management. It reveals that of, 44% of Staff nurses score of Staff nurses regarding biomedical waste management. It reveals that of, 44% of Staff nurses had good level of Attitude, and 56.25 % of paramedical workers had adequate Attitude, none of the Staff nurses had poor level of Attitude

Study of fetomaternal outcome in pre-eclampsia at tertiary care centres, South Gujarat

Background: Hypertensive disorders are among the most common medical disorder during pregnancy and continue to be a serious challenge in obstetric practice. It affects about 7-15% of all gestations. In India it accounts for the third most important cause of maternal mortality. Aim if this study was to study the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and feto-maternal outcome in cases of pre-eclampsia. Methods: This was a descriptive observational study conducted over a period from February 2019 to July 2021. This study enrolled 106 cases of pre-eclampsia, cases were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were entered and analysed by using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 106 patients were analysed. It was observed that it was more common in age group of 26 to 30 years 51%, 56% were unbooked patients. Maximum number of patients were primigravida 60%, 96% patients were from lower socioeconomic class, 37% patients had normal vaginal delivery, 63% had caesarean delivery. The most common maternal complication was eclampsia (12%), HELLP Syndrome 12%, abruptio occurred in 8% of patients. Maternal mortality occurred in 4 cases. Out of 106 babies 37 (34.93%) babies had normal outcome while 29% (27.35%) had low birth weight, 16 (15.09%) babies were IUGR, 15 (14.5%) babies were IUFD, 7 (6.6%) babies had RDS and 2 (1.8%) babies were stillbirth 40 (44.94%) babies were admitted in NICU. Conclusions: This study concludes that foetal and maternal outcome were markedly affected by pre-eclampsia and also the grave complications were more common in pre-eclampsia. So proper antenatal care, early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and timely intervention will decrease maternal perinatal morbidity and mortality

Effects of Ketamine Gargle for Post-operative Sore Throat, Hoarseness of Voice and Cough Under General Anaesthesia- A Randomised Control Study

Introduction: Majority of the patient undergo endotracheal intubation for various time duration, when given general anaesthesia. Injury in airway mucosa or vocal cords due to endotracheal intubation can be a contributing factor. Ketamine without affecting local healing process has an antiproinflammatory effect as it limits exacerbation of systemic inflammation. Aim: To study the role of ketamine gargles as a pharmacological measure in order to attenuate POST, HOV and cough followed by endotracheal intubation during surgeries under general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A randomised controlled study was carried out for a duration of 22 months from the institutional ethical committee (Study Approval No. SVIEC/ON/MEDI/ BNPG18/D19046), on 50 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. They were allocated into two groups of 25 patients. Group (K): ketamine 50 mg in 29 mL 0.9% normal saline and Group (C): 30 mL 0.9% normal saline. Patients were advised to gargle for 30 seconds just 5 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Patients were intubated with appropriate size of the endotracheal tube and were extubated when fully awake and conscious. Pateints were shifted to postoperative ward and were kept in propped up position with oxygen. Pateints were assessed at 1,2,4,24 hours for incidence of POST, HOV and cough. Assessment was made as per the 4 point scale grading system. The statistical analysis was performed using unpaired t-test, p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: In terms of POST grading in both K and C groups p-value was statistically significant (p<0.05) at 1 and at 2 hours postoperatively. In terms of HOV, in group K voice quality issues were reduced till 24 hours, (p<0.05). In terms of cough, in group K there was a significant reduction in complaints of cough till 4 hours postoperatively, (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ketamine gargles is effective in attenuating POST and cough till 2 hours and HOV till 4 hours postoperatively in patients following endotracheal intubation

Comparison of haemodynamic response to induction with propofol versus etomidate in patients scheduled for elective surgery

Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are harmful stimuli that can produce adverse response in the cardiovascular, respiratory and other physiological systems. These changes are reflected in haemodynamic parameters which can be fatal for patients with low cardiac reserve and may alter the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand and as a result, myocardial ischemia can be precipitated. This observational comparative study was conducted to compare the haemodynamic effects of Propofol and Etomidate during induction of general anaesthesia in patients scheduled for elective surgery. Materials and Methods: 58 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status &nbsp;I and II of age group 18-60 years scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia were randomly assigned in two groups (n=28). Group P received injection Propofol (2.5mg/kg) and group E received injection Etomidate (0.3mg/kg) during induction. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded at various time intervals. Statistical analysis was done using software (MedCalc Version 20.014). P value was considered significant if p £ 0.05. Results: Demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. Hemodynamic parameters at baseline and after premedication were comparable