Measurement of component's sound power emission on a PSA's diesel engine by means of 3D acoustic imaging techniques, and its applications

The identification and characterization of sound power radiated by engine components is an important challenge for car manufacturers such as PSA. This presentation will show the approach used, the results obtained and the analysis of those results during a study done with PSA to evaluate the contribution of each component on the total sound power radiated by an engine. In the first part of the study, a standard 2D acoustic imaging technique, based on combined holography and beamforming method, was used to evaluate the sound power radiated by faces of an engine and to identify the most radiating areas. The precision of this technique is however not sufficient to quantify the sound power radiated by components of the engine. This limitation is mainly due to the approximation of the engine face by a 2D plane. In the second part of this study, an innovating technique has been applied, using a 3D meshing of the engine and precise definition of each component on this meshing. Based on measurement done on an acoustic array successively positioned on four sides of the engine and a precise positioning of the array in regards to the meshing, it is possible to rebuild the sound power radiated by elements of the meshing and thus obtain the sound power spectrum radiated by each components of the engine for various configurations. Such experimental data have many interests for PSA: At first, it gives data concerning the overall acoustic power level of this engine. It gives information about the noisiest sources on each face of the engine. So, it gives orientation concerning the strategy of the noise reduction of the engine. It provides data to fix the different acoustic targets. By having the sound power level and spectrum of the mainly components, it is possible to build the targets to achieve by the suppliers on their benches. The comparison between the overall sound power level and the "sum-up" of the sound power level radiated by each component is a good way to be confident about the coherence between the overall target and the declined targets

Outcomes after open and endovascular repair of non-ruptured true pancreaticoduodenal and gastroduodenal artery aneurysms associated with coeliac artery compression. A multicentre retrospective study

Objective: True aneurysms of the peri-pancreatic arcade (PDAA) have been attributed to increased collateral flow related to coeliac axis (CA) occlusion by a median arcuate ligament (MAL). Although PDAA exclusion is currently recommended, simultaneous CA release and the technique to be used are debated. The aim of this retrospective multicentre study was to compare the results of open surgical repair of true non-ruptured PDAA with release or CA bypass (group A) vs. coil embolisation of PDAA and CA stenting or laparoscopic release (group B). Methods: From January 1994 to February 2019, 57 consecutive patients (group A: 31 patients; group B: 26 patients), including 35 (61%) men (mean age 56 ± 11 years), were treated at three centres. Twenty-six patients (46%) presented with non-specific abdominal pain: 15 (48%) in group A and 11 (42%) in group B (p = .80). Results: No patient died during the post-operative period. At 30 days, all PDAAs following open repair and embolisation had been treated successfully. In group A, all CAs treated by MAL release or bypass were patent. In group B, 2/12 CA stentings failed at < 48 hours, and all MAL released by laparoscopy were successful. Median length of hospital stay was significantly greater in group A than in group B (5 vs. 3 days; p = .001). In group A, all PDAAs remained excluded. In group B, three PDAA recanalisations following embolisation were treated successfully (two redo embolisations and one open surgical resection). At six years, Kaplan–Meier estimates of freedom for PDAA recanalisation were 100% in group A, and 88% ± 6% in group B (p = .082). No PDAA ruptured during follow up. In group A, all 37 CAs treated by MAL release were patent, and one aortohepatic bypass occluded. In group B, five CAs occluded: four after stenting and the other after laparoscopic MAL release with two redo stenting and three aortohepatic bypasses. Estimates of freedom from CA restenosis/occlusion were 95% ± 3% for MAL release or visceral bypass, and 60% ± 9% for CA stenting (p = .001). Two late restenoses following CA stenting were associated with PDAA recanalisation. Conclusion: Current data suggest that open and endovascular treatment of PDAA can be performed with excellent post-operative results in both groups. However, PDAA embolisation was associated with few midterm recanalisations and CA stenting with a significant number of early and midterm failures

On-board indirect measurements of the acoustic quality of railway track: state-of-the art and simulations

48th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (Inter-Noise 2019), MADRID, ESPAGNE, 16-/06/2019 - 19/06/2019Noise emission is a major concern for residents living along railway lines. For a large range of conventional speeds, railway noise is dominated by rolling noise. The contribution of the track to rolling noise is mainly driven by the level of rail roughness and the Track Decay Rate (TDR). The MEEQUAI project (on-board measurement of the acoustic quality of the infrastructure) aims to develop a system capable of measuring these characteristics using on-board instrumentation. A state-of-the-art on the subject shows that indirect measurement from vibro-acoustic sensors like axle-box accelerometers or microphones in the bogie area seems possible, but that a number of improvements could be made to the existing methods, especially in estimating the transfer functions between the e_ective roughness and the signals provided by the sensors. The idea is to combine modelling and measurements to optimize the estimation of the transfer functions and the location of sensors while taking into account the variability of circulated tracks. Numerical analyses of transfer functions based on axle/track vibro-acoustic models are performed. Based on the simulations results, several improvements are proposed, with a view to future tests in rolling conditions

Pharmacological Profile of UP 51 45 52,1 an Original Antiulcer and Antisecretory Agent

ABSTRACT The gastric and antiulcer effects of UP 51 45-52, a new naphthyridinone derivative (1 -phenyl-1 ,2-dihydro-2-oxo-1 ,8-naphthyridin-3-yI)-4-acetoxy butane, were studied in rats. UP 51 45- Materials and Methods General In general, animals were maintained at 22 ± 2'C in grid-bottomed cages. They were fasted but had free access to water for 24 hr befor

IRES-based Vector Coexpressing FGF2 and Cyr61 Provides Synergistic and Safe Therapeutics of Lower Limb Ischemia

Due to the lack of an adequate conventional therapy against lower limb ischemia, gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis is seen as an attractive alternative. However, the possibility of side effects, due to the expression of large amounts of angiogenic factors, justifies the design of devices that express synergistic molecules in low controlled doses. We have developed an internal ribosome entry site (IRES)–based bicistronic vector expressing two angiogenic molecules, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and Cyr61. Through electrotransfer into the ApoE−/− mice hindlimb ischemic muscle model, we show that the IRES-based vector gives more stable expression than either monocistronic plasmid. Furthermore, laser Doppler analysis, arteriography, and immunochemistry clearly show that the bicistronic vector promotes a more abundant and functional revascularization than the monocistronic vectors, despite the fact that the bicistronic system produces 5–10 times less of each angiogenic molecule. Furthermore, although the monocistronic Cyr61 vector accelerates B16 melanoma growth in mice, the bicistronic vector is devoid of such side effects. Our results show an active cooperation of FGF2 and Cyr61 in therapeutic angiogenesis of hindlimb ischemia, and validate the use of IRES-based bicistronic vectors for the coexpression of controlled low doses of therapeutic molecules, providing perspectives for a safer gene therapy of lower limb ischemia

Totally laparoscopic aortic repair: A new device for direct transperitoneal approach

On the basis of our experience with more than 71 cases of totally laparoscopic aortic surgery by the retrocolic approach, we have developed a new technique by a simple transperitoneal approach. The purpose of this report is to describe that technique and the novel laparoscopic bowel retractor used to ensure stable exposure of the aorta

Mesure embarquée de la qualité acoustique de l'infrastructure ferroviaire-Projet MEEQUAI

Journées Techniques Acoustique et Vibrations, STRASBOURG, FRANCE, 15-/05/2019 - 16/05/2019Pour les riverains des infrastructures ferroviaires, les émissions acoustiques constituent une préoccupation de premier plan. Parmi les sources incriminées, le bruit de roulement est prépondérant pour une large gamme de vitesses d'exploitation. Pour ce qui est de l'infrastructure, le niveau de bruit de roulement est principalement déterminé par deux paramètres : la rugosité des rails et le taux de décroissance des ondes vibratoires de la voie (TDR). Le projet MEEQUAI (MEsure Embarquée de la QUalité Acoustique de l'Infrastructure) vise à développer un système de mesure de la rugosité des rails et du taux de décroissance à l'aide de microphones et d'accéléromètres embarqués sur un train. Ce système a pour objectif principal d'améliorer la connaissance des données d'entrée pour la réalisation de cartographies acoustiques. Cependant, il ouvrira également de nouvelles opportunités pour le suivi dans le temps de la qualité acoustique des infrastructures ferroviaires ainsi que pour la maintenance des points singuliers tels que les joints de rail et les appareils de voie.Dans cette présentation, les mécanismes de génération du bruit de roulement sont présentés, notamment à travers le rôle de la rugosité et du taux de décroissance. Les principaux systèmes de mesure de ces paramètres sont passés en revue et les limites des méthodes indirectes examinées. Enfin, les résultats des premières études numériques et expérimentales réalisées dans le projet sont exposés. Ils valident les premières briques de l'approche retenue dans MEEQUAI

Lower Rate of Restenosis and Reinterventions With Covered vs Bare Metal Stents Following Innominate Artery Stenting

PURPOSE: To determine any difference between bare metal stents (BMS) and balloon-expandable covered stents in the treatment of innominate artery atheromatous lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter retrospective study involving 13 university hospitals in France collected 93 patients (mean age 63.2±11.1 years; 57 men) treated over a 10-year period. All patients had systolic blood pressure asymmetry >15 mm Hg and were either asymptomatic (39, 42%) or had carotid (20, 22%), vertebrobasilar (24, 26%), and/or brachial (20, 22%) symptoms. Innominate artery stenosis ranged from 50% to 70% in 4 (4%) symptomatic cases and between 70% and 90% in 52 (56%) cases; 28 (30%) lesions were preocclusive and 8 (9%) were occluded. One (1%) severely symptomatic patient had a <50% stenosis. Demographic characteristics, operative indications, and procedure details were compared between the covered (36, 39%) and BMS (57, 61%) groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine relative risks of restenosis and reinterventions [reported with 95% confidence intervals (CI)]. RESULTS: The endovascular procedures were performed mainly via retrograde carotid access (75, 81%). Perioperative strokes occurred in 4 (4.3%) patients. During the mean 34.5±31.2-month follow-up, 30 (32%) restenoses were detected and 13 (20%) reinterventions were performed. Relative risks were 6.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 22.2, p=0.001) for restenosis and 14.6 (95% CI 1.8 to 120.8, p=0.004) for reinterventions between BMS and covered stents. The severity of the treated lesions had no influence on the results. CONCLUSION: Patients treated with BMS for innominate artery stenosis have more frequent restenoses and reinterventions than patients treated with covered stents

Differential Proteome Analysis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine. The cause and pathogenesis of scoliosis and the accompanying generalized osteopenia remain unclear despite decades of extensive research. In this study, we utilized two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze the differential proteome of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from AIS patients. In total, 41 significantly altered protein spots were detected, of which 34 spots were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and found to represent 25 distinct gene products. Among these proteins, five related to bone growth and development, including pyruvate kinase M2, annexin A2, heat shock 27 kDa protein, γ-actin, and β-actin, were found to be dysregulated and therefore selected for further validation by Western blot analysis. At the protein level, our results supported the previous hypothesis that decreased osteogenic differentiation ability of MSCs is one of the mechanisms leading to osteopenia in AIS. In summary, we analyzed the differential BM-MSCs proteome of AIS patients for the first time, which may help to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of bone loss in AIS and also increase understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of AIS