On weighted cumulative residual extropy and weighted negative cumulative extropy

In this paper, we define general weighted cumulative residual extropy (GWCRJ) and general weighted negative cumulative extropy (GWNCJ). We obtain its simple estimators for complete and right censored data. We obtain some results on GWCREJ and GWNCJ. We establish its connection to reliability theory and coherent systems. We also propose empirical estimators of weighted negative cumulative extropy (WNCJ)

Modelling and Simulation of Noise Effects in Power Line Communications

Power line communications refers to the concept of transmitting information using the mains power line as a communications channel. Power line communication systems can be simply described as the distribution of data and other signals via electric power distribution wires. There are some challenges for communications over power lines, such as impedance variation, attenuation, channel transfer function varying widely over time, different kind of interference and noise in the system. This Paper deals with the noise scenario modelling approach and modulation schemes for the PLC system

LOW-GRADE INFLAMMATION IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: ROLE OF HIGHSENSITIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN

Objective: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients may present with abnormal lipid profile more specifically in patients having thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) >10 mIU/L. Since the contradiction still lies with patients having TSH <10 mIU/L, so the role of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs- CRP) may be important with the prediction of inflammatory cardiovascular risk.Methods: Recently diagnosed 30 SCH patients both male and female were recruited and compared 30 normal healthy adults. Age and body mass index (BMI) of the study population were noted. Thyroid profile including TSH, FT4, and T3 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were measured by the CHOD-POD method, GPO-PAP method, and CHOD-POD/phosphotungstic method. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low-density cholesterol were measured by Friedewald formula. Lipoprotein ratios were also calculated. An ELISA was also used for the estimation of Hs-CRP.Results: The significant results were obtained in this study. BMI was significantly (<0.01) elevated in patients' group compared to the control group. In the thyroid profile, TSH was significantly (<0.05) different between the groups. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly (<0.01) elevated in the case group. A significantly lower concentration of HDL cholesterol was observed in SCH patients when compared with control subjects. There was an elevated concentration of lipoprotein ratios in patients group. The mean concentration of Hs-CRP was highly significant between the groups. The level was higher in the case group compared to the control group. In patients' group, there was a positive association (β- 0.36) (confidence interval 95%–0.002–0.536) between TSH and Hs-CRP. This association was highly significant.Conclusion: SCH patients having TSH <10 μIU/ml were characterized by dyslipidemia and elevated Hs-CRP. Increased lipoprotein ratios and Hs-CRP may promote low-grade inflammation in SCH patients, by which cardiovascular risk can be developed

Dynamic Advertising-based Goodwill Incorporating Fuzzy Environment in Segment-Specific Market

A new product's introduction to the market is greatly influenced by effective and enough advertising. In this paper, we have considered a problem in which the firm partitions the market into various segments to reduce costs associated with advertising and targets to maximize the total profit. By integrating single channel and differentiated advertising to segmented market, we extend Nerlove-goodwill Arrow's dynamic model in which advertising variables are control variables. It is assumed that the whole available budget is imprecise and fuzzy in nature in order to create a realistic model. Using necessity and possibility constraints, the optimal control model with fuzzy parameters is transformed into crisp form, and the Pontryagin Maximum principle is then used to solve the problem. Numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical analysis

Computed tomography diagnosis of truncus arteriosus type IV: a case report

Truncus arteriosus (TA) is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly of which type IV is considered a rare variant. Recognition is crucial for proper treatment planning. The prognosis without treatment is poor. Echocardiography alone may not be useful in evaluation. Computed tomography (CT) finding is complicated. We report an 18 months child with ventricular septal defect (VSD), diagnosed on echocardiography, and further review by CT showed VSD with descending thoracic aorta giving rise to the pulmonary arteries suggestive of pseudo truncus (Collet and Edwards Truncus arteriosus Type IV) and right sided aortic arch with mirror image branching. Keywords: echocardiography, Collet and Edwards, computed tomography (CT), truncus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect (VSD

Assessment of diversity by using morphological, biochemical and molecular approaches of selected basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

The study investigates the genetic diversity among the Basmati rice genotypes. Selected nine Basmati rice genotypes were studied for twelve morphological traits, biochemical parameters and for molecular analysis with 11 SSR markers. Pusa Sugandha 5 and Basmati 370, showed strong aroma while other varieties showed medium aroma. Alkali spreading value were intermediate in Basmati 386, Vallabh Basmati 22 and Vallabh Basmati 24 while other varieties showed high values. Pusa Basmati 1 and Basmati 386 showed soft category of gel consistency while in rest varieties it was under medium category. Amylose percentage in grains were ranged from 18.02% (Taraori basmati) to 22.0% (Basmati370). Molecular analysis with 11 SSR markers showed 125 allels with an average number of allels 11.36 per locus. All the markers showed specific type of banding pattern along with 82 polymorphic allels in different genotypes. This study focuses on application of statistical methods and techniques in analysis of genetic diversity of the agronomic data, biochemical aspects related to quality parameters and at the molecular level using SSR markers for clustering procedure making dendrogram that helps the more accurate selection of the superior basmati genotypes for the further studies of the breeders and researchers

INCIDENCE OF PRESENCE OF H. PYLORI IN CASES OF CHOLECYSTITIS AND CHOLELITHIASIS IN A RURAL MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL

Cholecystitis is defined  as inflammation of the gallbladder. Ninety percent of cases involve stones in the cystic duct and gall bladder, (i.e., calculus cholecystitis) with the other 10% of cases representing acalculus cholecystitis.(1) The association of gallstones with Helicobacter pylori has been investigated but not clearly demonstrated. In this study, the presence of H. pylori in the gallbladder mucosa of patients with symptomatic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis was investigated.The study included 50 cases of  cholecystitis and cholelithiasis randomly selected who were admitted to the surgical wards of M.M.I.M.S.R, Mullana in last 2 years.  All patients underwent cholecystectomy and gall bladder mucosa was histopathologically examined by giemsa staining (silver slide test). We concluded that no gall bladder mucosa exhibits presence of H. Pylori. Keywords: Cholelithiasis; Cholecystitis; H. pylori; GiemsaÂ

Mucormycosis in the COVID-19 Environment: A Multifaceted Complication

The second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused severe infections with high mortality. An increase in the cases of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) was reported predominantly in India. Commonly present in immunocompromised individuals, mucormycosis is often a life-threatening condition. Confounding factors and molecular mechanisms associated with CAM are still not well understood, and there is a need for careful research in this direction. In this review, a brief account of the diagnosis, management, and advancement in drug discovery for mucormycosis has been provided. Here, we summarize major factors that dictate the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients through the analysis of published literature and case reports. Major predisposing factors to mucormycosis appear to be uncontrolled diabetes, steroid therapy, and certain cancers. At the molecular level, increased levels of iron in COVID-19 might contribute to mucormycosis. We have also discussed the potential role and regulation of iron metabolism in COVID-19 patients in establishing fungal growth. Other factors including diabetes prevalence and fungal spore burden in India as contributing factors have also been discussed

Mechanism and kinetics of chlorpyrifos co-metabolism by using environment restoring microbes isolated from rhizosphere of horticultural crops under subtropics

The indiscriminate use of organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in agricultural crops causes significant soil and water pollution and poses a serious threat to the global community. In this study, a microbial consortium ERM C-1 containing bacterial strains Pseudomonas putida T7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa M2, Klebsiella pneumoniae M6, and a fungal strain Aspergillus terreus TF1 was developed for the effective degradation of chlorpyrifos. Results revealed that microbial strains were not only utilizing chlorpyrifos (500 mg L–1) but also coupled with plant growth-promoting characteristics and laccase production. PGP traits, that is, IAA (35.53, 45.53, 25.19, and 25.53 μg mL–1), HCN (19.85, 17.85, 12.18, and 9.85 μg mL–1), and ammonium (14.73, 16.73, 8.05, and 10.87 μg mL–1) production, and potassium (49.53, 66.72, 46.14, and 52.72 μg mL–1), phosphate (52.37, 63.89, 33.33, and 71.89 μg mL–1), and zinc (29.75, 49.75, 49.12, and 57.75 μg mL–1) solubilization tests were positive for microbial strains T7, M2, M6, and TF1, respectively. The laccase activity by ERM C-1 was estimated as 37.53, 57.16, and 87.57 enzyme U mL–1 after 5, 10, and 15 days of incubation, respectively. Chlorpyrifos degradation was associated with ERM C-1 and laccase activity, and the degree of enzyme activity was higher in the consortium than in individual strains. The biodegradation study with developed consortium ERM C-1 showed a decreased chlorpyrifos concentration from the 7th day of incubation (65.77% degradation) followed by complete disappearance (100% degradation) after the 30th day of incubation in the MS medium. First-order degradation kinetics with a linear model revealed a high k –day value and low t1/2 value in ERM C-1. The results of HPLC and GC-MS analysis proved that consortium ERM C-1 was capable of completely removing chlorpyrifos by co-metabolism mechanism

Evaluating air quality and criteria pollutants prediction disparities by data mining along a stretch of urban-rural agglomeration includes coal-mine belts and thermal power plants

Air pollution has become a threat to human life around the world since researchers have demonstrated several effects of air pollution to the environment, climate, and society. The proposed research was organized in terms of National Air Quality Index (NAQI) and air pollutants prediction using data mining algorithms for particular timeframe dataset (01 January 2019, to 01 June 2021) in the industrial eastern coastal state of India. Over half of the study period, concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and CO were several times higher than the NAQI standard limit. NAQI, in terms of consistency and frequency analysis, revealed that moderate level (ranges 101–200) has the maximum frequency of occurrence (26–158 days), and consistency was 36%–73% throughout the study period. The satisfactory level NAQI (ranges 51–100) frequency occurrence was 4–43 days with a consistency of 13%–67%. Poor to very poor level of air quality was found 13–50 days of the year, with a consistency of 9%–25%. Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bagged Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Bayesian Regularized Neural Networks (BRNN) are the data mining algorithms, that showed higher efficiency for the prediction of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 except for CO and O3 at Talcher and CO at Brajrajnagar. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between observed and predicted values of PM2.5 (ranges 12.40–17.90) and correlation coefficient (r) (ranges 0.83–0.92) for training and testing data indicate about slightly better prediction of PM2.5 by RF, SVM, bagged MARS, and BRNN models at Talcher in comparison to PM2.5 RMSE (ranges 13.06–21.66) and r (ranges 0.64–0.91) at Brajrajnagar. However, PM10 (RMSE: 25.80–43.41; r: 0.57–0.90), NO2 (RMSE: 3.00–4.95; r: 0.42–0.88) and SO2 (RMSE: 2.78–5.46; r: 0.31–0.88) at Brajrajnagar are better than PM10 (RMSE: 35.40–55.33; r: 0.68–0.91), NO2 (RMSE: 4.99–9.11; r: 0.48–0.92), and SO2 (RMSE: 4.91–9.47; r: 0.20–0.93) between observed and predicted values of training and testing data at Talcher using RF, SVM, bagged MARS and BRNN models, respectively. Taylor plots demonstrated that these algorithms showed promising accuracy for predicting air quality. The findings will help scientific community and policymakers to understand the distribution of air pollutants to strategize reduction in air pollution and enhance air quality in the study region