Effect of paper industry effluent on enzyme activity and protein profiling of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a legume which is mostly cultivated in India than other countries that can give significant amounts of dietary minerals and protein to humans. The effect of paper industrial effluent on chick-pea (C. arietinum L.) were analysed along with different concentration (10%, 20% 40%, 60% 80% and 100%) and pure tap water as a control to compare the effect of paper industrial effluent for one week. The amount of protein were comparable with control, their amount was increased at 40% in effluent treated seeds. The maximum activity of enzymes was found below 40% level of effluent. In this study protein profile of imbibed seeds, shoot, root and residual cotyledons were examined under the different concentration of effluent. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total protein showed that the maximum number of protein bands seen in the imbibed seeds whereas minimum number of protein bands observed in the root. SDS-PAGE revealed that less degradation and/or more rapid accumulation of proteins occurred in higher molecular weight proteins. From this study, it is clear that the industrial effluent rich in organic matter and plant nutrients are finding their use in agriculture as the cheaper way of disposal

Analysis of the Ebola with a fractional-order model involving the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative

This paper uses a fractional-order epidemic model to describe the transmission dynamics of the Ebola virus. The proposed model uses the fractional-order derivative in Caputo-Fabrizio’s sense. It calculates the time-independent solutions of the proposed model, and the next-generation matrix method is used to calculate the basic reproduction number. It provides the conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the model. Further, the conditions for generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability of the proposed model are obtained. Numerical simulations show how the proposed model’s approximate solution varies for integer and fractional orders. They also show the behavior of the Ebola in terms of infections, deceased, and susceptible counts, for various contact rates. To demonstrate efficiency while using less time, CPU times are given in tabular form

Heterogeneous Multicatalytic System for Single-Pot Oxidation and C–C Coupling Reaction Sequences

A system comprising two catalysts supported on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) was employed to perform a sequence of two reactions in a single pot. Palladium nanoparticles catalyzed the oxidation of furfuryl alcohol with molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure. The oxidation product, furfural, was then reacted with acetone via an aldol condensation catalyzed by amines supported on MSNs. Each reaction was first tested individually to establish optimal conditions. Both catalysts were then introduced into the same reactor under the proven conditions, and the entire reaction sequence was performed giving the desired product with high selectivity. The overall yield of the reaction sequence was highly dependent on the relative concentrations of the reactants in the mixture

AUTOMATIC BRAKE FAILURE INDICATOR

Today, Machines are widely controlled by automated control system. To meet the need of growing population economic, effective and reliable control of machines as well as their control system is necessary. The main objective of this project is to continuously monitor the braking system at each and every time during the operation of the vehicle. Now a days, accidents are occurring due to lot of reasons, the one of the main reason is brake failure, it caused to due to poor maintenance, improper use and product defect, in order to safe guard the valuable human for accident the accident monitoring of brake is very important issue in automobile. The brake failure indicator circuit is a circuit that monitors constantly of the condition of brakes and provides an audio visual indication. When the brake is applied in order to slow down or to stop the vehicle the green LED blinks and the piezo buzzer beeps for about one second if the brake system is accurate and working properly. If brake system fails the red LED glows and the buzzer do not beep when the brakes are applied

Diversity analysis of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas[L.] Lam) genotypes using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers

276-285Sweet potato [Ipomeabatatas(L.) Lam.]is a nutritious food crop primarily grown by small and marginal farmers. Successful breeding and germplasm conservation programs demands characterization of its germplasm. Here, we tried to determine genetic diversity among 21 sweet potato genotypes using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers. Ten morphological traits were studied and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Mean square due to germplasm were highly significant as well as wide mean range performance was observed for tuber number per plant, individual tuber weight, tuber fresh yield per plant, tuber dry yield per plant, tuber yield per plot and tuber length. UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmetic Average) cluster analysis based on morphological traits separated the germplasm into three groups. The genotypes Gautam, Shree Arun, RS-92 and CO-3-4 appeared promising with regard to yield characters. Total phenol was maximum in in V-12 genotype (1.39 mg), while minimum was recorded in Samrat genotype (0.95 mg). The highest total antioxidant was observed in the genotype Samrat (0.30 mg), while minimum was recorded in the genotype Navsari Local (0.16 mg). Molecular diversity analysis was carried out using 25 RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) primers, out of which 13 primers produced 117 reproducible amplicons (106 polymorphic, 7 monomorphic and 4 unique amplicons). UPGMA dendogram based on RAPD data separated the genotypes into two major clusters having the similarity coefficient ranged from 0.56 to 0.76. The results can be used for sweet potato crop improvement through molecular breeding and marker assisted selection of for desired traits in future

Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Characterization of Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) Germplasms

The sweet potato is considered as an excellent source of β-carotene and anthocyanins and has a considerable value in the functional food market. In this report, 21 sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) germplasms were evaluated for genetic diversity using morphological and biochemical and molecular markers. Ten morphological traits were studied, and the mean squares due to germplasm were highly significant for storage root number per plant, individual root weight, storage root (fresh) per plant, storage root (dry) per plant, storage root yield, and storage root length. UPGMA cluster analysis based on morphological traits separated the germplasm into three groups. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.00 to 0.50 with an average of 0.176. Biochemical analysis, viz. total phenol and antioxidant, was performed to find out superior genotype at biochemical level under given conditions. Maximum total phenol was observed in the genotype “V-12” (1.39 mg), whereas maximum total antioxidant was observed in “Samrat” (0.30 mg). RAPD analysis was carried out, and out of 15 RAPD primers, 10 primers produced 96 reproducible and polymorphic bands. UPGMA cluster analysis based on RAPD data also separated the genotypes into three clusters. The results of the present study can be used for sweet potato crop improvement through molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection for desired traits in future

Anti-Oxidant potential of Herbal formulation (Sahaj Vati) Modulating Leptin, Insulin activity

Obesity increased at alarming rate considered as serious health risks and World Health Organization wish to halt rise of obesity. Therefore, search for treatment, dietary interventions is necessary to attenuate and/or prevent the obesity. Sahaj Vati was prepared by Shilajeet, Curcuma longa, Plumbago zeylanica, Commiphora mukul and might be reduces obesity. Twenty four albino rats were randomized into four equal groups were selected as control, positive control, as standard (orlistate) and Sahaj Vati treated group, respectively. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was administered at dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 10 days and Sahaj Vati & orlistate was administered orally at dose of 200 and 10 mg/kg body weight respectively for four week. After four week, body weight of animals, serum leptin, insulin, total oxidant, total antioxidant and oxidative stress index were estimated. It was observed that body weight was significantly increased by MSG whereas body weight, was significantly decreased by orlistat and Sahaj Vati. Sahaj Vati significantly increased insulin concentration, total anti-oxidant status and decreased total oxidant status & oxidative stress and significantly decreased leptin concentration.  Thus, Sahaj Vati decreases body weight by modulating leptin & insulin concentration as well as total oxidant status, total anti-oxidant status & oxidative stress.

Quality control measure of Jeeva Rasa Avaleha: a male sexual stimulant

In spite of numerous Vajeekarana formulations being available in the market, the prevalence erectile dysfunction is increasing irrespective of race or economic status. The aim of the present study was to measure the quality control parameters of Jeeva Rasa Avaleha used as male sexual stimulant. It was prepared by using seven drugs, namely Shuddha Hingula, Shuddha Shilajatu, with powders of roots of five herbs viz., Aakarakarabha, Ashwagandha, Shweta Mushali, Shatavari and tuber of Vidarikanda. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of JRA such as reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, fat content, water soluble extractive, pH, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed. It was observed that 9.8% moisture content and 15.12% water-soluble extractive were in JRA, respectively. EDX and AAS study showed that formulation had heavy metals within permissible limit except mercury which is an ingredient of JRA. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of JRA indicates safety of formulation and therefore it may be prescribed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction

Enhancement in structural, morphological and optical features of thermally annealed zinc oxide nanofilm

This paper presents the study of surface morphological, optical and microstructural features of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofilm layered upon p-type Si substrate of <100> orientation by employing conventional RF magnetron sputtering system at different annealing temperatures. The effect of annealing on the nano-film is examined using different characterization techniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), UV-vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The sharp diffraction peak at (002) orientation is seen by the XRD spectra which signifies a better growth of single crystalline thin film along the z-axis with the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The surface morphological study shows that the grain size of the thin film intensifies from 22.06 nm to 36.77 nm when the annealing temperature is increased whereas there is a decrease in the values of lattice constants (a=b, c), FWHM (full width at half maximum), residual stress, lattice strain and dislocation density by increasing annealing temperature. The enhancement in the grain size makes the thin film appropriate for MEMS device applications including piezoelectric energy harvesters, gas sensors, etc. The optical bandgap of the ZnO thin film is estimated using Kubelka-Munk (KM) approach and it decreases from 3.23 to 3.16 eV for As-deposited, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C respectively which makes the annealed thin film apposite for optoelectronic device applications. The intensity of the Raman peaks strengthens with the annealing temperature. These results prove that the annealing extensively enhances the crystallinity, structural, morphological and optical features of ZnO thin film and hence becomes suitable for nanoelectronic device applications