Pongamol from the seeds of Tephrosia purpurea exert anti-cancer activity against cervical cancer cell line

Tephrosia purpurea belongs to the family Fabaceae, is used for the treatment of inflammation, diabetes, cancer, elephantitis, haemmaroids, anaemia, dysmenorrhea, chronic fever, boils, gingivitis etc. In the present study, three compounds (TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5) were isolated from EETP. Quantity of TP-3 (6.05 %) in EETP was determined by HPLC. In-vitro anti-cancer activity of EETP and isolated compound TP-3 on SiHa cells (cervical cancer cell lines) as well as PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5- di methyl thiazol -2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Spectroscopic analysis and physical properties, structure of isolated compounds TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5 were characterized as teclenone, pongamol and β-sitosterol respectively. Isolated compound TP-3 showed cytotoxicity against SiHa cells with the IC50 33.06 µgmL-1. TP-3 showed cytotoxicity at all the concentrations but significant activity was observed at the concentration range from 20-50 µgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (72.75%) was observed at the concentration of 50 µgmL-1. TP-3 showed non-significant cytotoxicity against PBMCs cells at all the concentrations except at 50 µgmL-1 (cytotoxicity 24.19%). EETP showed significant cytotoxic activity (IC50 value 113.63 µgmL-1) against SiHa cells at the concentration range from 75-150 µgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (75.34%) was observed at the concentration of 150 µgmL-1

Ropivacaine: A review of its pharmacology and clinical use

Ropivacaine is a long-acting amide local anaesthetic agent and first produced as a pure enantiomer. It produces effects similar to other local anaesthetics via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibres. Ropivacaine is less lipophilic than bupivacaine and is less likely to penetrate large myelinated motor fibres, resulting in a relatively reduced motor blockade. Thus, ropivacaine has a greater degree of motor sensory differentiation, which could be useful when motor blockade is undesirable. The reduced lipophilicity is also associated with decreased potential for central nervous system toxicity and cardiotoxicity. The drug displays linear and dose proportional pharmacokinetics (up to 80 mg administered intravenously). It is metabolised extensively in the liver and excreted in urine. The present article details the clinical applications of ropivacaine and its current place as a local anaesthetic in the group

Topiramate Responsive Prominent Head Tremor as an Atypical Presentation of Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Neuropathic tremors are often encountered in both hereditary as well as acquired inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies, such as IgM paraproteinemic neuropathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and occasionally during the recovery phase of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) accounts for up to 30–65% the patients with GBS in East Asia and is rarely associated with a neuropathic tremor. We report a patient with AMAN, who presented with pure motor quadriplegia with bulbar symptoms and a prominent atypical resting head tremor during the acute phase of illness, which showed an excellent response to topiramate therapy

Evaluation of Withania somnifera in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in rats

1. Stroke causes brain injury in millions of people worldwide each year. Despite the enormity of the problem, there is currently no approved therapy that can reduce infarct size or neurological disability. One of the approaches that can be used in limiting the neurological damage after stroke is the use of prophylactic treatment in patients with a high-risk of stroke. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the Indian herbal plant Withania somnifera as a prophylactic treatment in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model of stroke in rats. 2. Two groups of male Wistar rats were pretreated with a hydroalcoholic extract of W. somnifera (1 g/kg, p.o.) for 15 and 30 days. Thereafter, rats were subjected to focal ischaemia by occlusion of the MCA using an intraluminal thread. After 2 h MCA occlusion, reperfusion was allowed by retracting the thread. Animals were assessed for ischaemic changes using diffusion-weighted imaging 30 min after reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, rats were subjected to motor performance tests and were subsequently killed for the estimation of the marker of oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA). The control group received vehicle and a similar protocol was followed. 3. Significant motor impairment, with elevated levels of MDA, was observed in vehicle-treated MCA-occluded rats. In addition, diffusion-weighted imaging showed increased signal intensity in the right hemisphere compared with the contralateral hemisphere. Treatment with W. somnifera for 15 days did not improve motor performance or decrease the elevated levels of MDA. However, when the pretreatment time of W. somnifera was increased to 30 days, it prevented motor impairment and significantly decreased the raised levels of MDA compared with vehicle-treated rats. In the W. somnifera (30 days)-pretreated group, the percentage hemispheric lesion area in diffusion-weighted imaging was significantly attenuated (17 ± 2%) compared with the vehicle-treated MCA-occluded group (30 ± 4%). 4. Because W. somnifera has been documented to have anti-oxidant properties, the protection afforded by W. somnifera could be due to its anti-oxidant effect. The present study provides first evidence of the effectiveness of an Indian herb in focal ischaemia

this happen or why is it mistaken?

A second gravida with normal antenatal period delivered a baby within an hour of admission and also expelled placenta which appeared at vagina. This placenta was adhererent to the fundus of uterus which was inverted but was persistently pulled out as uterine inversion was unrecognized. This case report will be of help to many of us who may mistake such condition. A habit to palpate the fundus of uterus and make sure it is contracted before controlled cord traction will help making the diagnosis in time

Pongamol from the seeds of Tephrosia purpurea exert anti-cancer activity against cervical cancer cell line

182-188Tephrosia purpurea belongs to the family Fabaceae, is used for the treatment of inflammation, diabetes, cancer, chronic fever, boils, gingivitis etc. In the present study, three compounds (TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5) were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of T. purpurea (EETP). Quantity of TP-3 (6.05%) in EETP was determined by HPLC. In-vitro anti-cancer activity of EETP and isolated compound TP-3 on SiHa cells as well as PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5- di methyl thiazol -2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and physical properties, structure of isolated compounds TP-1, TP-3 and TP-5 were characterized as teclenone, pongamol and β-sitosterol respectively. Isolated compound TP-3 showed cytotoxicity against SiHa cells with the IC50 33.06 μgmL-1. TP-3 showed significant cytotoxicity at the concentration range from 20-50 μgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (72.75%) was observed at the concentration of 50 μgmL-1. TP-3 showed non-significant cytotoxicity against PBMCs cells at all the concentrations except at 50 μgmL-1 (cytotoxicity 24.19%). EETP showed significant cytotoxicity (IC50 value 113.63 μgmL-1) against SiHa cells at the concentration range from 75-150 μgmL-1 as compared to control. Maximum cytotoxicity (75.34%) was observed at the concentration of 150 μgmL-1

Effect of antibacterial intracanal medicaments mixed with different vehicle used in inter-appointment flare-up patients: An in vivo study

Background: Post-operative pain is a common finding after endodontic treatment, its incidence ranges from 3% to 58%. It may be due to microbial, mechanical or chemical injury to the periapical tissues. Calcium hydroxide has been recommended for use as an intracanal medicament based on its antibacterial, antiresorptive and tissue dissolving properties. The use of chlorhexidine gluconate as an intracanal medicament has been suggested either in the form of 2% gel or solution placed in a sustained release device or active points. Aim of the study: To evaluate and compare the effect of antibacterial intracanal medicaments mixed with different vehicle and used in inter-appointment flare-up patients. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic of the dental institute. This study was conducted on 45 permanent single-rooted mandibular premolars with acute apical periodontitis. Results: It is evident that the preoperative pain in Group 1, 2 and 3 patients was 3.56, 3.88 and 3.41 respectively. The post-operative pain for Group 1, 2 and 3 patients decreased significantly from 6 to 48 hours. However, on comparing the pain intensity for Group 1, 2 and 3, results were non-significant.&nbsp

Maternal hemoglobin and risk of low birth weight: A hospital-based cross-sectional study in Nepal

Background: Maternal hemoglobin during pregnancy is an important predictor of neonatal outcomes such as birth weight. The newborn weight of an infant is considered a crucial factor for morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the association between maternal hemoglobin concentration and newborn weight at term pregnancy. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Kathmandu, Nepal from 14th April 2018 to 13th April 2019. Term singleton pregnant women who were admitted for delivery in the labor room of TUTH were included in this study. Maternal characteristics such as age, parity, birth space, ethnicity, education level, dietary habit, body mass index (BMI), and hemoglobin level were recorded. The newborn weight was taken immediately after delivery. The main outcome of this study was the birth weight. The association between hemoglobin level and newborn weight was analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 2,418 term pregnant women, the prevalence of low hemoglobin and high hemoglobin levels were 24% (95% CI: 22–25.4), and 17% (95% CI: 15.7–18.7), respectively. The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) was 12.9% (95% CI: 11.7–14.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that those mothers who had low hemoglobin concentration (adjusted Odds Ratio/aOR = 3.77, 95% CI: 2.84–5.01), and high hemoglobin concentration (aOR = 3.07, 95% CI: 2.23–4.24) had higher odds of having LBW compared to mothers having normal hemoglobin level. Mothers with both young age pregnancy (aged 16–20 years) and older pregnancy (aged ≥31 years) (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01–2.52) and (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06–2.41), respectively had higher odds of LBW compared to mothers aged 21–25 years. Those mothers who attended a primary level of education had higher odds of (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.05–3.55) LBW compared to those mothers with a higher level of education. Moreover, mothers who belonged to Janajati ethnic group (aOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.34–0.65) compared to the Brahmin/Chhetri ethnic group, and mothers with a birth space of more than three years (aOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41–0.97) compared to those who had less than three years of birth spacing and mothers who were overweight/obese (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55–0.99) compared to normal nutritional status had lower odds of having LBW. Conclusions: Our study concludes that both low and high hemoglobin had an increased risk of having low birth weight. Policies and programs can benefit by adopting the findings of this study. More empirical research is critical to understanding the impact of hemoglobin levels on birth weight