Draft Genome Sequences of Four NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains from a Health Care Facility in Northern California.

We report the draft genome sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from four patients at a northern California health care facility. All strains contained the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM1) carbapenemase with extended antibiotic resistance, including resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, imipenem, ertapenem, and meropenem. NDM gene alignments revealed that the resistance was plasmid encoded

The Schwinger Representation of a Group: Concept and Applications

The concept of the Schwinger Representation of a finite or compact simple Lie group is set up as a multiplicity-free direct sum of all the unitary irreducible representations of the group. This is abstracted from the properties of the Schwinger oscillator construction for SU(2), and its relevance in several quantum mechanical contexts is highlighted. The Schwinger representations for $SU(2), SO(3)$ and SU(n) for all $n$ are constructed via specific carrier spaces and group actions. In the SU(2) case connections to the oscillator construction and to Majorana's theorem on pure states for any spin are worked out. The role of the Schwinger Representation in setting up the Wigner-Weyl isomorphism for quantum mechanics on a compact simple Lie group is brought out.Comment: Latex, 17 page

Mycobiome of the Bat White Nose Syndrome (WNS) Affected Caves and Mines reveals High Diversity of Fungi and Local Adaptation by the Fungal Pathogen Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans

The investigations of the bat White Nose Syndrome (WNS) have yet to provide answers as to how the causative fungus Pseudogymnoascus (Geomyces) destructans (Pd) first appeared in the Northeast and how a single clone has spread rapidly in the US and Canada. We aimed to catalogue Pd and all other fungi (mycobiome) by the culture-dependent (CD) and culture-independent (CI) methods in four Mines and two Caves from the epicenter of WNS zoonotic. Six hundred sixty-five fungal isolates were obtained by CD method including the live recovery of Pd. Seven hundred three nucleotide sequences that met the definition of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were recovered by CI methods. Most OTUs belonged to unidentified clones deposited in the databases as environmental nucleic acid sequences (ENAS). The core mycobiome of WNS affected sites comprised of 46 species of fungi from 31 genera recovered in culture, and 17 fungal genera and 31 ENAS identified from clone libraries. Fungi such as Arthroderma spp., Geomyces spp., Kernia spp., Mortierella spp., Penicillium spp., and Verticillium spp. were predominant in culture while Ganoderma spp., Geomyces spp., Mortierella spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichosporon spp. were abundant is clone libraries. Alpha diversity analyses from CI data revealed that fungal community structure was highly diverse. However, the true species diversity remains undetermined due to under sampling. The frequent recovery of Pd indicated that the pathogen has adapted to WNS-afflicted habitats. Further, this study supports the hypothesis that Pd is an introduced species. These findings underscore the need for integrated WNS control measures that target both bats and the fungal pathogen.Comment: 59 pages, 7figure

Effect of Household detergents (Surfactants)Degraded through aquatic fungi

Commercial household detergents are diverse group of chemical that is best known for their wide used in laundry industries and household cleaning product. After use, residuals (Surfactant) detergents are discharge into sewage system directly or indirectly into the surface water and most of them end up dispersed into the different environment compartment of soil and water.”Water is facing lots of problems due to domestic waste. These toxic effects of surfactant damaging biodiversity of aquatic environment. Most of aquatic microorganism develops a bio-mechanism for degradation of harmful heavy metals discharge in water at high level. As we know that aquatic environment specially water “fungi” have excellent potential for metal accumulation, particularly genera of Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Streptoverticillum, Sacchromyctes. In general most of commercial household (Surfactants) detergents are biodegradable and amount of it can be commerciallyreduced by secondary treatment of Municipal sewage waste water plants. These discharge waste water pollutants with massive quantities especially surfactant could be a serious threat to aquatic ecosystem. Future studies of Commercial Surfactant toxicities and biodegradation are necessary to withdraw high toxic and non-biodegradableheavy metal for commercial use as a result makes an eco-friendly environment

Particle alignments and shape change in 66^{66}Ge and 68^{68}Ge

The structure of the $N \approx Z$ nuclei $^{66}$Ge and $^{68}$Ge is studied by the shell model on a spherical basis. The calculations with an extended $P+QQ$ Hamiltonian in the configuration space ($2p_{3/2}$, $1f_{5/2}$, $2p_{1/2}$, $1g_{9/2}$) succeed in reproducing experimental energy levels, moments of inertia and $Q$ moments in Ge isotopes. Using the reliable wave functions, this paper investigates particle alignments and nuclear shapes in $^{66}$Ge and $^{68}$Ge. It is shown that structural changes in the four sequences of the positive- and negative-parity yrast states with even $J$ and odd $J$ are caused by various types of particle alignments in the $g_{9/2}$ orbit. The nuclear shape is investigated by calculating spectroscopic $Q$ moments of the first and second $2^+$ states, and moreover the triaxiality is examined by the constrained Hatree-Fock method. The changes of the first band crossing and the nuclear deformation depending on the neutron number are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 21 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.

Quantum phase space distributions in thermofield dynamics

It is shown that the the quantum phase space distributions corresponding to a density operator $\rho$ can be expressed, in thermofield dynamics, as overlaps between the state $\mid \rho >$ and "thermal" coherent states. The usefulness of this approach is brought out in the context of a master equation describing a nonlinear oscillator for which exact expressions for the quantum phase distributions for an arbitrary initial condition are derived.Comment: 17 pages, revtex, no figures. number of pages were incorrectly stated as 3 instead of 17. No other correction

Ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at time of diagnosis. A cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink

Aims: To characterize ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at initial diagnosis. Methods: An observational cohort study of 179,886 people with incident type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2017 in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink was undertaken; 63.4% of the cohort were of white ethnicity, 3.9% south Asian, and 1.6% black. Ethnic differences in clinical profile at diagnosis, consultation rates, and risk factor recording were derived from linear and logistic regression. Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to determine ethnic differences in time to initiation of therapeutic and non-therapeutic management following diagnosis. All analyses adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, and clustering by practice. Results: In the 12 months prior to diagnosis, non-white groups had fewer consultations compared to white groups, but risk factor recording was better than or equivalent to white groups for 9/10 risk factors for south Asian groups and 8/10 risk factors for black groups (p < 0.002). Blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, eGFR, and CVD risk levels were more favourable in non-white groups, and prevalence of macrovascular disease was significantly lower (p < 0.003). Time to initiation of antidiabetic treatment and first risk assessment was faster in non-white groups relative to white groups, while time to risk factor measurement and diabetes review was slower. Conclusions: We find limited evidence of systematic ethnic inequalities around the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Ethnic disparities in downstream consequences may relate to genetic risk factors, or manifest later in the care pathway, potentially in relation to longterm risk factor control

Ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at time of diagnosis: A cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

AIMS: To characterize ethnic differences in the severity and clinical management of type 2 diabetes at initial diagnosis. METHODS: An observational cohort study of 179,886 people with incident type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2017 in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink was undertaken; 63.4% of the cohort were of white ethnicity, 3.9% south Asian, and 1.6% black. Ethnic differences in clinical profile at diagnosis, consultation rates, and risk factor recording were derived from linear and logistic regression. Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to determine ethnic differences in time to initiation of therapeutic and non-therapeutic management following diagnosis. All analyses adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, and clustering by practice. RESULTS: In the 12 months prior to diagnosis, non-white groups had fewer consultations compared to white groups, but risk factor recording was better than or equivalent to white groups for 9/10 risk factors for south Asian groups and 8/10 risk factors for black groups (p < 0.002). Blood pressure, BMI, cholesterol, eGFR, and CVD risk levels were more favourable in non-white groups, and prevalence of macrovascular disease was significantly lower (p < 0.003). Time to initiation of antidiabetic treatment and first risk assessment was faster in non-white groups relative to white groups, while time to risk factor measurement and diabetes review was slower. CONCLUSIONS: We find limited evidence of systematic ethnic inequalities around the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Ethnic disparities in downstream consequences may relate to genetic risk factors, or manifest later in the care pathway, potentially in relation to long-term risk factor control.RM is supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (201375/Z/16/Z)

A Survey on the Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine (HMX)

Cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (1,3,5,7,-tetranitro-1,3,5,7,-tetrazacyclo-octane) which has been classified as high explosive, a source of high chemical energy, falls into polynitramine group of the nitramines. Its is also known as octogen and HMX. Its is one of the most powerful explosives having high density(1.9g/cc), high melting point (281 Degree calcius) and high velocity of detonation(9100m/sec). It has slightly higher energy than RDX and therefore, used where a maximum energy is required by limited dimensions of charge. Because of its resistance towards heat, it has become the nucleus of research for thermally for thermally stable compositions. It has been used in number of binary mixtures in conjunction with TNT, RDX,TNB etc. It forms the main constituent in certain plastic bonded explosives(PBX). In the present review attempt has been made to cover the available literature on HMX