The case of primary ovarian ectopic

Ovarian ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. It mimics tubal ectopic, difficult to distinguish on ultrasound imaging and clinical presentation. It mostly presents with rupture in first trimester. We presented this case in view of its varied tricky clinical presentation- which lead us into various differential diagnoses for pain abdomen and the least suspicion of an ovarian pregnancy. Laparoscopic management is needed for diagnosis and confirmation is only through a histopathological diagnosis. Even though it’s rare, still we need to be suspicious of this in all patients with acute lower abdominal pain and with no period of amenorrhoea.

Income Is a Stronger Predictor of Mortality than Education in a National Sample of US Adults

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with mortality in several populations. SES measures, such as education and income, may operate through different pathways. However, the independent effect of each measure mutually adjusting for the effect of other SES measures is not clear. The association between poverty-income ratio (PIR) and education and all-cause mortality among 15,646 adults, aged >20 years, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the USA, was examined. The lower PIR quartiles and less than high school education were positively associated with all-cause mortality in initial models adjusting for the demographic, lifestyle and clinical risk factors. After additional adjustment for education, the lower PIR quartiles were still significantly associated with all-cause mortality. The multivariable odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of all-cause mortality comparing the lowest to the highest quartile of PIR was 2.11 (1.52-2.95, p trend≤0.0001). In contrast, after additional adjustment for income, education was no longer associated with all-cause mortality [multivariable OR (95% CI) of all-cause mortality comparing less than high school to more than high school education was 1.05 (0.85-1.31, p trend=0.57)]. The results suggest that income may be a stronger predictor of mortality than education, and narrowing the income differentials may reduce the health disparities

Socioeconomic Status, Self-Rated Health, and Mortality in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults

Objective: To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES), self-rated health (SRH), and mortality separately by race-ethnicity in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods: We analyzed data from 16 716 adult women and men who were followed up for mortality for up to 12 years as part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey (NHANES III). Poverty-income ratio (PIR) and education were assessed as measures of SES. All-cause mortality (n = 2850) was recorded from the NHANES III linked mortality file. Results: Lower PIR was associated with mortality after adjustment for lifestyle, clinical risk factors, and SRH in all racial-ethnic groups (P-trend \u3c0.005). In contrast, after adjusting for lifestyle and clinical risk factors, lower education was not associated with all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic whites (P-trend = 0.16), whereas the association remained significant after adjustment for SRH and lifestyle and clinical risk factors in other race- ethnicities (P-trend = 0.005; P-interaction between education categories and race-ethnicity was 0.02). Conclusions: Our results suggest that lower PIR was associated with mortality in all racial-ethnic groups. In contrast, lower education was significantly associated with mortality only in racial-ethnic groups other than non- Hispanic whites. Our results indicate that, beyond lifestyle and clinical risk factors, adjusting for SRH resulted in only a modest change in the association of SES and mortality

The Impact of Regulations and Technology on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures – Evidence from Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprises in India

Information technology (IT), being an effective fount for all types of business policies, is useful for executing any firm\u27s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives. IT has advanced tools and applications to execute the business plans very effectively which can leave the lasting footprints on the society, and also be helpful in increasing profits, enhancing the workplace, creating transformations for the disabled employees, creating educational opportunities that can bridge the digital divide, improving the business ethics and helping the society. CSR has become an integral part of the organizations which are involving all their stakeholders as beneficiaries and India is the first country to have the mandated CSR regulations. The present study has made an attempt to study the impact of CSR Regulations and technology on the CSR disclosures of the Indian Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) having Maharatna Status. For this purpose, Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure Index (CSRDI) developed by Charumathi & Padmaja, 2015 was adopted for measuring the level of CSR disclosure and Corporate Information and Communication Technology Usage Index (CICTI) was developed and used to measure the level of IT usage. This study used secondary data. Using manual content analysis, the required data for (a) CSR Disclosures were collected from the annual reports of Maharatna companies and (b) CICT usage were collected from the web portals, recruitment portals, social media, news articles, CSR news by Maharatna companies and other digital sources. The sample for the study includes seven Maharatna CPSEs and the period of the study is six years ranging from 2011-12 to 2016-17. Using paired t test, it is found that there is a significant difference in CSR disclosures during pre and post-regulatory periods. CSR disclosures of Maharatna companies significantly increased post-CSR regulatory period. Using multiple regression analysis, it is found that there is a positive and significant relationship between the ICT usage and the CSR disclosures of Maharatna companies

CREDIT RISK MODELLING FOR INDIAN DEBT SECURITIES USING MACHINE LEARNING

We develop a new credit risk model for Indian debt securities rated by major credit rating agencies in India using the ordinal logistic regression (OLR). The robustness of the model is tested by comparing it with classical models available for ratings prediction. We improved the model’s accuracy by using machine learning techniques, such as the artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF). We found that the accuracy of our model has improved from 68% using OLR to 82% when using ANN and above 90% when using SVM and RF

Markers of Sleep Disordered Breathing and Diabetes Mellitus in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008)

We examined gender and ethnic differences in the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and diabetes among 6,522 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–08. SDB severity was defined based on an additive summary score including sleep duration, snoring, snorting, and daytime sleepiness. We found that the summary SDB score was significantly associated with diabetes after adjusting for potential confounders in the whole population. Compared to those without any sleep disturbance, the multivariable odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of diabetes among those with ≥3 sleep disturbances was 2.04 (1.46–2.87). In sex-specific analyses, this association was significant only in women (OR (95% CI) = 3.68 (2.01–6.72)) but not in men (1.10 (0.59–2.04)), P-interaction = 0.01. However, there were no ethnic differences in this association, P-interaction = 0.7. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, SDB was independently associated with diabetes only in women, but not in men

SCREENING OF CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA FOR PRODUCING CELLULASE UNDER SOLID STATE FERMENTATION USING WATER HYACINTH AS A SUBSTRATE

Objective: The infestation of water hyacinth in the aquatic system produces serious environmental problems. In our study, we have used the water hyacinth as a substrate for the production of cellulase enzyme from bacteria isolated from decayed water hyacinth.Methods: The bacterial isolates were morphologically and biochemically characterized and the bacterial cultures were identified as Proteus vulgaris and Serratia ficaria respectively. The effect of various process parameters such as pH, temperature, substrate concentration and fermentation time on cellulase production by Proteus vulgaris were optimized.Results: Out of twenty five isolates, two bacteria viz. AK1 and AK2 grew well on CMC agar media. Cellulase enzyme activity was found to be higher (4.07 U/ml) in case of Proteus vulgaris compared to Serratia ficaria. Cellulase production by Proteus vulgaris was optimized as pH 7, 35 °C temperature, 30% of water hyacinth and 24 h of incubation time. Cellulase produced under optimum condition was purified using dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight and specific activity of completely purified cellulase was found to be 33 KDa and 361.25 U/mg respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the water hyacinth can be used as a potential substrate for production of cellulase by Proteus vulgaris which is isolated from decayed water hyacinth

Multidrug resistant tuberculous meningitis in pregnancy: a rare case report

The prevalence of tuberculosis, especially extrapulmonary tuberculosis is increasing worldwide. TB meningitis is one of severe manifestations of extra pulmonary TB. Prognosis of cases of multidrug resistance tuberculosis meningitis is worse and even more challenging in pregnant women. It’s mostly associated with increased frequency of maternal disability, hospitalisation during pregnancy, foetal growth retardation, prematurity, low-birth weight and increased perinatal mortality. As information on outcome of pregnancy among women with extra pulmonary TB is limited; various medical and surgical options for timely management has been discussed. Authors bring out a case report of a primigravida at 26 weeks gestation with severe multidrug resistant TB meningitis who was successfully managed at our hospital with a healthy infant.

DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

Objective: The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated Staphylococcus aureus c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of Staphylococcus aureus e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and Rhizobium.Methods: Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and Rhizobium for toxicity. Results: Dye decolorization potential of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of Staphylococcus aureus showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. Conclusion: Our study proved that Staphylococcus aureus can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater