Dirac Green function for δ potentials

Física Teórica. Atómica y Óptic

Application of chemometrics on Raman spectra from Mars: Recent advances and future perspectives

Producción CientíficaThe SuperCam and SHERLOC instruments onboard the NASA/Perseverancerover are returning the first Raman spectra to be ever collected from anotherplanet. Similarly, the RLS instrument onboard the ESA/Rosalind Franklinrover will collect Raman spectra from powdered rocks sampled from thesubsurface of Mars. To optimize the scientific exploitation of Raman spectrareturned from planetary exploration missions, tailored chemometric tools arebeing developed that take into account the analytical capability of the men-tioned Raman spectrometers. In this framework, the ERICA research groupis using laboratory simulators of SuperCam and RLS to perform representa-tive laboratory studies that will enhance the scientific outcome of bothMars2020 and ExoMars missions. On one hand, preliminary studies provedthe chemometric analysis of RLS datasets could be used to obtain a reliablesemi-quantitative estimation of the main mineral phases composing Martiangeological samples. On the other hand, it was proved the data fusion ofRaman and LIBS spectra gathered by SuperCam could be used to enhancethe discrimination of mineral phases from remote geological targets. Besidesdescribing the models developed by the ERICA group, this work presents anoverview of the complementary chemometric approaches so far tested in thisfield of study and propose further improvements to be addressed in thefuture.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Beca/Concesión Número:PID2019-107442RBC31European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. grant agreement no. 68730

Semi‐quantification of binary saline solutions by Raman spectroscopy: Implications for Europa

Producción CientíficaThe Europa lander is a concept for a potential future planetary exploration mission which purpose is to characterize the icy shell of Europa and to search for organics. To achieve this objective, the current concept of the lander includes a Raman spectrometer, such as RLS instrument, that could be able to analyze (sub) surface targets in their solid and liquid form. Knowing that ice and brines of Europa are potentially enriched by sulfate and chlorides, this work seeks to evaluate if Raman spectroscopy could be used to semi quantify the saline content of water solutions using space-like instrumentation. To do so, MgSO4 and MgCl2 were used to prepare three sets of water solutions. Raman analyses were then performed by the laboratory simulator of the ExoMars Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS), which has been defined as the threshold system for the Europa Lander. After data analysis, two different semi-quantification approaches were tested, and their results compared. Although univariate calibration curves proved to successfully quantify the content of SO42− and Cl− anions dissolved in mono-analyte water solutions, this strategy provided very poor results when applied to binary saline mixtures. Overcoming this issue, the non-linearity prediction ability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in combination with bandfitting allows to successfully resolve the complexity of the vibrational perturbation suffered by the OH region, which is caused by the cross interaction of H2O molecules with different anions.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: PID2019-107442RBC31

The Raman laser spectrometer ExoMars simulator (RLS Sim): A heavy‐duty Raman tool for ground testing on ExoMars

Producción CientíficaThe Raman laser spectrometer (RLS) instrument onboard the Rosalind Franklin rover of the ExoMars 2022 mission will analyze powdered samples on Mars to search for traces of life. To prepare for the mission, the RLS scientific team has developed the RLS ExoMars Simulator (RLS Sim), a flexible model of RLS that operates similarly to the actual instrument, both in laboratory and field conditions, while also emulating the rover operational constraints in terms of sample distribution that are relevant to the Raman analysis. This system can operate autonomously to perform RLS-representative analysis in one or several samples, making it very useful to perform heavy experimental tasks that would otherwise be impossible using a flight-representative model of the instrument. In this work, we introduce the current configuration of the RLS Sim that has incorporated new hardware elements such as the RAman Demonstrator 1 (RAD1) spectrometer with the objective of approaching its performance to that of the actual RLS instrument. To evaluate the scientific capability of the RLS Sim, we have compared it with a replica model of RLS, the RLS Flight Spare (FS). Several acquisition aspects have been evaluated based on the analysis of select samples, assessing the performance in terms of spectral range and resolution and also studying several issues related to the evolution of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with different acquisition parameters, especially the number of accumulations. This performance analysis has shown that the RLS Sim in its updated configuration will be a key model to perform support science for the ExoMars mission and the RLS instrument on the Rosalind Franklin rover. Designed to work intensively, the use of the RLS Sim in combination with the RLS FS will facilitate maximizing the scientific return of the RLS spectrometer during Martian operations.Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (grant PID2019-107442RBC31)European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant 687302

Congreso Internacional sobre Investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias (9º. 2013. Girona)

En este trabajo se quiere poner de manifiesto la importancia que conlleva una adecuada formación del futuro profesor de educación primaria en los contenidos del ámbito de la salud. Se analiza cómo tiene lugar la enseñanza de estos contenidos dentro del ámbito universitario en la Universidad de Valladolid, en relación a los planes de estudio actuales así como a la legislación existente del currículum de educación primaria. Dentro de las competencias que ha de adquirir el futuro docente se contemplan aquellas que se adquieren a través de experiencias motivadoras en su paso por las aulas universitarias. Con este enfoque es con el que se ha planteado la impartición de las enseñanzas que se contemplan en la asignatura de educación para la salud en Educación Primaria. Se propone para este tipo de enseñanza una metodología indagatoria para que los futuros maestros adquieran las competencias necesarias en el ámbito de la salud. El uso del material didáctico que ofrece el proyecto europeo PROFILES («Professional Reflection-OrientedFocusonInquiry-basedLearning and EducationthroughScience», así como su filosofía de la enseñanza-aprendizaje basada en la indagación hace posible llevar la estrategia al aula

Congreso de Docentes de Ciencias (2º. 2012. Madrid)

En este trabajo tratamos de identificar los puntos clave en los distintos campos de las ciencias que pueden mejorar la cultura científica en la sociedad actual. Numerosos autores están de acuerdo en la importancia de mejorar e intensificar la cultura científica en la sociedad en general, y más en particular en los alumnos durante la enseñanza preuniversitaria. Sin embargo, resulta difícil desentrañar qué aspectos fallan en la práctica educativa, así como cuáles se consideran los tópicos de una buena cultura y educación científica. A través del empleo de la técnica Delphi recogemos las opiniones de más de un centenar de individuos pertenecientes a los distintos colectivos relacionados con el ámbito de las ciencias y su enseñanza. En este trabajo presentamos los resultados preliminares de lo que será un estudio más extenso.In this work we try to identify the key points in the various fields of science that can improve the scientific culture in today’s society. Numerous authors have agreed on the importance of improving and intensifying scientific culture in society in general, and more particularly among the students before university. However, it is difficult to unravel what fails in educational practice as well as what are the topics of a good culture and science education. Through the use of the Delphi technique we collect the views of more than one hundred individuals belonging to the different groups related to the field of science and teaching. In this paper we present preliminary results of what will be a more extensive study