Assessment of relationship between land uses of riparian zone and water quality of river for sustainable development of river basin, A case study of U-Tapao river basin, Thailand

The main objective of this study is to find the relationship between land use patterns of riparian zone of the river and water quality parameters. Various water quality parameters were collected from 10 monitoring stations of U-tapao River in the year 2000 to 2011 as secondary data. Land use data as the percentage of land of 100 m riparian zone along the river network were derived from using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and they were linked with water quality data. Analysis of variance, correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to investigate spatial and temporal variations and the interrelationships between land uses and water quality parameters. Water quality parameters: temperature (TEMP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) showed spatial variation, whereas TEMP,suspended solid (SS) and fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) showed seasonal variation. Land uses: agriculture, urban, and grass land showed spatial variation, whereas only agriculture and grass land showed annual variation. Urban land showed significant positive correlation with TEMP, SS and dissolved solid (DS) and negative correlation with pH. Similarly, agriculture showed significant positive correlation with SS and DS and negative correlation with TEMP and DO. In the study, water quality parameters were predicted by using multiple regression models and understanding of these relationships can help policy or decision makers to develop suitable land use practices on the riparian zone for sustainable development of a river basin

Relationships between Trihalomethane Formation Potential and Surrogate Parameters for Dissolved Organic Matter in Reservoir Water and Treated Wastewater in Thailand Presented in 12 th International Conference on Integrated Diffuse Pollution Management (IW

Abstract Relationships between trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and dissolved organic matter (DOM) surrogate parameters including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet adsorption at wavelength 254 nm (UV-254) and specific ultraviolet adsorption (SUVA) were investigated from six water sources in Thailand. Five raw water supply sources were Mae-Hia Reservoir, Aung-Keaw Reservoir, Mae-Kuang Reservoir in Chaing Mai province, the Bhumibol Dam Reservoir in Tak Province, and the Northern-Region Industrial Estate Reservoir in Lamphun province, Thailand. One treated wastewater was effluent water from the central wastewater treatment plant of the Northern-Region Industrial Estate. The coagulation process was utilized to remove DOM from all water samples. In the case of raw water, coagulated water, hydrophobic organic fraction and hydrophilic organic fraction of reservoir water, moderate correlations were obtained from relationships between THMFP and DOC, (R 2 of 0.83) and between THMFP and UV-254 (R 2 of 0.77). Correlations were significant at the 0.01 level. A poor correlation was obtained from relationship between THMFP and SUVA (R 2 of 0.34). The fitting equation for predicting THMFP in reservoir water and its coagulated water could be expressed as follows: THMFP ( g/L) = 73.67DOC (mg/L) + 86.8. In case of treated wastewater and its coagulated water, moderate correlation (R 2 of 0.84), good correlation (R 2 = 0.96) and moderate correlation (R 2 of 0.81) were observed from relationships between THMFP and DOC, THMFP and UV-254, and between THMFP and SUVA, respectively. Correlations were significant at the 0.01 level. The appropriate equation for predicting THMFP in treated wastewater and its coagulated water could be expressed as follows: THMFP ( g/L) = 813.3DOC (mg/L) + 310. In conclusion, DOC and UV-254, therefore, moderately correlated with THMFP in both reservoir water and treated wastewater. SUVA moderately correlated with THMFP in treated wastewater; however, it did not relate to THMFP in reservoir water in Thailand

Alternative Technologies for the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Palm Oil Mills in Thailand

Alternative methodologies for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from crude palm oil (CPO) production by a wet extraction mill in Thailand were developed. The production of 1 t of CPO from mills with biogas capture (four mills) and without biogas capture (two mills) in 2010 produced GHG emissions of 935 kg carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂eq), on average. Wastewater treatment plants with and without biogas capture produced GHG emissions of 64 and 47% of total GHG emission, respectively. The rest of the emissions mostly originated from the acquisition of fresh fruit bunches. The establishment of a biogas recovery system must be the first step in the reduction of GHG emissions. It could reduce GHG emissions by 373 kgCO₂eq/t of CPO. The main source of GHG emission of 163 kgCO₂eq/t of CPO from the mills with biogas capture was the open pond used for cooling of wastewater before it enters the biogas recovery system. The reduction of GHG emissions could be accomplished by (i) using a wastewater-dispersed unit for cooling, (ii) using a covered pond, (iii) enhancing the performance of the biogas recovery system, and (iv) changing the stabilization pond to an aerated lagoon. By using options i–iv, reductions of GHG emissions of 216, 208, 92.2, and 87.6 kgCO₂eq/t of CPO, respectively, can be achieved