シュジュ ノ ソウゴ サヨウ ブイ オ ユウスル ポリスチレン オ D - リモネン ニ フクジュン サセタ オルガノ ゲル ノ チョウセイ ト ケイヒ キュウシュウ セイザイヨウ キザイ エノ オウヨウ

博第1655号甲第1655号博士(工学)奈良先端科学技術大学院大

Cationic Moieties in Polystyrene Gels Swollen with <span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Limonene Improved Transdermal Delivery System

d-limonene, a terpene and natural compound, has been found to be an excellent penetration enhancer for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). It hence has been incorporated within various transdermal formulations. Herein, we report the application of polystyrene gel swollen with d-limonene and its derivatives for TDD. Poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS gel), poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-4VP) gel and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene-co-(vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PS-VBAC gel) were employed as chemical gels to improve the stability of the TDD substrates. The drug permeation properties from the PS gels swollen in limonene were examined, regarding the effect of its network density as well as their rheological properties. The lowest density of the network showed the highest steady flux of the permeation at 43.7 &#177; 0.3 &#956;g/cm2. FT-IR spectra were confirmed for PS-4VP and PS-VBAC, bearing cationic moieties and they could control the release of ibuprofen by the electrostatic interaction at the interface of organogel and skin. The steady state flux of skin permeation got low values from 55.2 &#177; 0.8 to 11.6 &#177; 2.0 &#956;g/cm2, when the cationic moieties were increased. Moreover, the chemical network of PS gel swollen in limonene showed high mechanical stability illustrated by elastic modulus (G&#8217;) of about 98 kPa for 10% cross-linked PS gel. The developed PS gels swollen in limonene show highly promising results, suggesting their possible application in TDD

Rapid geographical indication of peppercorn seeds using corona discharge mass spectrometry

With increasing demands for more rapid and practical analyses, various techniques of ambient ionization mass spectrometry have gained significant interest due to the speed of analysis and abundance of information provided. Herein, an ambient ionization technique that utilizes corona discharge was applied, for the first time, to analyze and categorize whole seeds of black and white peppers from different origins. This setup requires no solvent application nor gas flow, thus resulting in a very simple and rapid analysis that can be applied directly to the sample without any prior workup or preparation. Combined with robust data pre-processing and subsequent chemometric analyses, this analytical method was capable of indicating the geographical origin of each pepper source with up to 98% accuracies in all sub-studies. The simplicity and speed of this approach open up the exciting opportunity for onsite analysis without the need for a highly trained operator. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied to a variety of spices and herbs, whose geographical indication or similar intellectual properties are economically important, hence it is capable of creating tremendous impact in the food and agricultural industries

Synthesis and Characterization of Modified Aliphatic Polycarbonates as Environmentally Friendly Oilfield Scale Inhibitors

Oilfield scale inhibitors have been used for many decades, mostly to fight carbonate and sulfate scaling. Many inhibitors are known, but only a few show good biodegradation to make them environmentally acceptable in areas with strict regulations, such as offshore Norway. Often high biodegradation is at the expense of other useful properties, such as thermal stability for high-temperature squeeze applications. We have now synthesized and investigated a new class of polycarbonate polymers with pendant anionic functional groups (carboxylate and phosphonate) as potential oilfield scale inhibitors. These polymers have a carbonate group in the backbone. Polymers with carboxylate and phosphonate side groups were prepared. We report here the scale inhibition performance of these polymers at 100 °C against both calcite and barite scaling at typical North Sea conditions in dynamic tube-blocking equipment, both before and after aging at 130 °C. The phosphonated copolymer gave very good performance against calcite scaling and showed good thermal stability. This polymer also gave a biodegradation of 36% in 28 days in seawater by the OECD 306 test