Differential Galois Theory of Linear Difference Equations

We present a Galois theory of difference equations designed to measure the differential dependencies among solutions of linear difference equations. With this we are able to reprove Hoelder's Theorem that the Gamma function satisfies no polynomial differential equation and are able to give general results that imply, for example, that no differential relationship holds among solutions of certain classes of q-hypergeometric functions.Comment: 50 page

Parameterized generic Galois groups for q-difference equations, followed by the appendix "The Galois D-groupoid of a q-difference system" by Anne Granier

We introduce the parameterized generic Galois group of a q-difference module, that is a differential group in the sense of Kolchin. It is associated to the smallest differential tannakian category generated by the q-difference module, equipped with the forgetful functor. Our previous results on the Grothendieck conjecture for q-difference equations lead to an adelic description of the parameterized generic Galois group, in the spirit of the Grothendieck-Katz's conjecture on p-curvatures. Using this description, we show that the Malgrange-Granier D-groupoid of a nonlinear q-difference system coincides, in the linear case, with the parameterized generic Galois group introduced here. The paper is followed by an appendix by A. Granier, that provides a quick introduction to the D-groupoid of a non-linear q-difference equation.Comment: The content of this paper was previously included in arXiv:1002.483

Iterative qq-Difference Galois Theory

Initially, the Galois theory of $q$-difference equations was built for $q$ unequal to a root of unity. This choice was made in order to avoid the increase of the field of constants to a transcendental field. Inspired by the work of B.H. Matzat and M. van der Put, we consider in this paper a family of iterative difference operators instead of considering just one difference operator, and in this way we stop the increase of the constant field and succeed in setting up a Picard-Vessiot theory for $q$-difference equations where $q$ is a root of unity that extend the Galois theory of difference equations of Singer and van der Put. The theory we obtain is quite the exact translation of the iterative differential Galois theory developed by B.H. Matzat and M. van der Put to the $q$-difference world

On the Grothendieck conjecture on p-curvatures for q-difference equations

In the present paper, we give a q-analogue of the Grothendieck conjecture on p-curvatures for q-difference equations defined over the field of rational function K(x), where K is a finite extension of a field of rational functions k(q), with k perfect. Then we consider the generic (also called intrinsic) Galois group in the sense of N. Katz. The result in the first part of the paper lead to a description of the generic Galois group through the properties of the functional equations obtained specializing q on roots of unity. Although no general Galois correspondence holds in this setting, in the case of positive characteristic, where nonreduced groups appear, we can prove some devissage of the generic Galois group. In the last part of the paper, we give a complete answer to the analogue of Grothendieck conjecture on $p$-curvatures for q-difference equations defined over the field of rational function K(x), where K is any finitely generated extension of \mathbb Q and q\neq 0,1: we prove that the generic Galois group of a q-difference module over K(x) always admits an adelic description in the spirit of the Grothendieck-Katz conjecture. To this purpose, if q is an algebraic number, we prove a generalization of the results by L. Di Vizio, 2002.Comment: The content of this paper was previously included in arXiv:1002.483

Simplicity of the automorphism group of fields with operators

We adapt a proof of Lascar in order to show the simplicity of the group of automorphisms fixing pointwise all non-generic elements for a class of uncountable models of suitable theories of fields with operators