O uso das novas tecnologias nas aulas de Geografia para a melhoria do ensino e aprendizagem em escolas de ensino básico

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a importância do uso das novas tecnologias como instrumento para a melhoria do ensino e aprendizagem em Geografia. A atividade foi realizada em duas escolas do ensino básico na cidade de Fortaleza no ano 2014, onde se desenvolveram práticas com o uso de recursos tecnológicos, tais como a plataforma Moodle, criação e reprodução de slides, além de vídeos, havendo uma maior socialização e produção de conhecimentos e uma nova forma de conduzir as aulas de Geografia. Podemos perceber a importância e os desafios quanto ao uso das novas tecnologias

Population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in maternal and umbilical cord plasma, and simulated exposure in term neonates

Background:Intra-partum cefazolin is used to prevent group BStreptococcus(GBS) vertical transmission inmothers allergic to penicillin without a history of anaphylaxis.Objectives:To investigate the maternal cefazolin dose–exposure relationship and subsequent maternal andneonatal target attainment at delivery.Methods:Data were obtained from 24 healthy, GBS-colonized pregnant women (20–41 years), undergoing vagi-nal delivery (gestational age 37 weeks). During labour, all women received a 2 g cefazolin IV infusion. Eighthours later, eight women received another 1 g in the event of delayed (>8 h) delivery. Next to maternal plasmaconcentrations (up to 10 per dosing interval, until delivery), venous and arterial umbilical cord concentrationswere determined at delivery. Target attainment in maternal/neonatal plasma was set at 1 mg/L for 60% of thedosing interval (unbound cefazolin, worst-case clinical breakpoint). A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) modelwas built (NONMEM 7.4). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01295606.Results:At delivery, maternal blood and arterial umbilical cord unbound cefazolin concentrations were >1 mg/Lin 23/24 (95.8%) and 11/12 (91.7%), respectively. The popPK of cefazolin in pregnant women was described by atwo-compartment model with first-order elimination. Two additional compartments described the venous andarterial umbilical cord concentration data. Cefazolin target attainment was adequate in the studied cohort,where delivery occurred no later than 6.5 h after either the first or the second dose. PopPK simulations showedadequate maternal and umbilical cord exposure for 12 h following the first dose.Conclusions:PopPK simulations showed that standard pre-delivery maternal cefazolin dosing providedadequate target attainment up to the time of delivery

Developmental Fluoxetine Exposure Normalizes the Long-Term Effects of Maternal Stress on Post-Operative Pain in Sprague-Dawley Rat Offspring

Early life events can significantly alter the development of the nociceptive circuit. In fact, clinical work has shown that maternal adversity, in the form of depression, and concomitant selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment influence nociception in infants. The combined effects of maternal adversity and SSRI exposure on offspring nociception may be due to their effects on the developing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. Therefore, the present study investigated long-term effects of maternal adversity and/or SSRI medication use on nociception of adult Sprague-Dawley rat offspring, taking into account involvement of the HPA system. Dams were subject to stress during gestation and were treated with fluoxetine (2×/5 mg/kg/day) prior to parturition and throughout lactation. Four groups of adult male offspring were used: 1. Control+Vehicle, 2. Control+Fluoxetine, 3. Prenatal Stress+Vehicle, 4. Prenatal Stress+Fluoxetine. Results show that post-operative pain, measured as hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli after hind paw incision, was decreased in adult offspring subject to prenatal stress alone and increased in offspring developmentally exposed to fluoxetine alone. Moreover, post-operative pain was normalized in prenatally stressed offspring exposed to fluoxetine. This was paralleled by a decrease in corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) levels in prenatally stressed offspring and a normalization of serum CBG levels in prenatally stressed offspring developmentally exposed to fluoxetine. Thus, developmental fluoxetine exposure normalizes the long-term effects of maternal adversity on post-operative pain in offspring and these effects may be due, in part, to the involvement of the HPA system

Developing a digital intervention for cancer survivors: an evidence-, theory- and person-based approach

This paper illustrates a rigorous approach to developing digital interventions using an evidence-, theory- and person-based approach. Intervention planning included a rapid scoping review which identified cancer survivors’ needs, including barriers and facilitators to intervention success. Review evidence (N=49 papers) informed the intervention’s Guiding Principles, theory-based behavioural analysis and logic model. The intervention was optimised based on feedback on a prototype intervention through interviews (N=96) with cancer survivors and focus groups with NHS staff and cancer charity workers (N=31). Interviews with cancer survivors highlighted barriers to engagement, such as concerns about physical activity worsening fatigue. Focus groups highlighted concerns about support appointment length and how to support distressed participants. Feedback informed intervention modifications, to maximise acceptability, feasibility and likelihood of behaviour change. Our systematic method for understanding user views enabled us to anticipate and address important barriers to engagement. This methodology may be useful to others developing digital interventions

Private equity and regulatory capital

Regulatory capital requirements for European banks have been put forward in the Basel II Capital Framework and subsequently in the capital requirements directive (CRD) of the EU. We provide a detailed discussion of the capital requirements for private equity investments under different approaches. For the internal model approach we present a structural model that we calibrate to a proprietary dataset. We modify the standard Merton structural model to make it applicable in practice and to capture stylized facts of private equity investments. We also implement the early default feature with a fast simulation algorithm. Our results support capital requirements lower than in Basel II, but not as low as in CRD, thereby giving adverse incentives to banks for using advanced risk models. A sensitivity analysis shows that this finding is robust to parameter uncertainty and stress scenarios.Private equity Regulatory capital Risk-management

An analysis of housing expenditure using semiparametric cross-section models

In this paper we model expenditure on housing for owners and renters by means of endogenous switching regression models using cross-section data. We explain the share of housing in total expenditure from family characteristics and total expenditure, where the latter is allowed to be endogenous. We apply various existing parametric and semiparametric techniques for cross-section data. Exogeneity of total expenditure is rejected for the parametric models but not for most semiparametric models. The results are compared on the basis of budget elasticities and graphs of the estimated relationship between the budget share spent on housing and the logarithm of total expenditure.sample selection · Engel curves · semiparametric cross-section models

Population pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in maternal and umbilical cord plasma, and simulated exposure in term neonates

Background: Intra-partum cefazolin is used to prevent group B Streptococcus (GBS) vertical transmission in mothers allergic to penicillin without a history of anaphylaxis. Objectives: To investigate the maternal cefazolin dose-exposure relationship and subsequent maternal and neonatal target attainment at delivery. Methods: Data were obtained from 24 healthy, GBS-colonized pregnant women (20-41 years), undergoing vaginal delivery (gestational age ≥37 weeks). During labour, all women received a 2 g cefazolin IV infusion. Eight hours later, eight women received another 1 g in the event of delayed (>8 h) delivery. Next to maternal plasma concentrations (up to 10 per dosing interval, until delivery), venous and arterial umbilical cord concentrations were determined at delivery. Target attainment in maternal/neonatal plasma was set at 1 mg/L for 60% of the dosing interval (unbound cefazolin, worst-case clinical breakpoint). A population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model was built (NONMEM 7.4). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01295606. Results: At delivery, maternal blood and arterial umbilical cord unbound cefazolin concentrations were >1 mg/L in 23/24 (95.8%) and 11/12 (91.7%), respectively. The popPK of cefazolin in pregnant women was described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Two additional compartments described the venous and arterial umbilical cord concentration data. Cefazolin target attainment was adequate in the studied cohort, where delivery occurred no later than 6.5 h after either the first or the second dose. PopPK simulations showed adequate maternal and umbilical cord exposure for 12 h following the first dose. Conclusions: PopPK simulations showed that standard pre-delivery maternal cefazolin dosing provided adequate target attainment up to the time of delivery