Exploring Expat-preneur Similarities and Differences between Self-initiated and Company-Assigned Transitioned Expatriates

Based upon the authors’ collective international experience and observance of emerging trends, this paper explores two different types of expat-preneurs as a new growing international career phenomenon: self-initiated expatriate expat-preneurs and company-assigned expatriate transitioned expat-preneurs. While the former is comprised of entrepreneurs who initiate their own expatriation to a new host country, the latter refers to expatriates who, during or at the end of a traditional international expatriate assignment, have started their own transition away from multinational organizations and into an entrepreneurial career in the host country or region of residence. This paper first summarizes the backgrounds and development patterns of these two distinctive types of expat-preneurs. It discusses similarities and differences between the two groups and suggests research propositions in terms of their approach to identifying business opportunities, meeting contextual conditions, and other characteristics. Finally, the paper discusses important implications and potential future research directions

Mentoring and Self-Management Career Strategies For Entrepreneurs

The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on self management and mentoring to develop practical methods of enhancing the career success of entrepreneurs. The authors believe that both behavioural and cognitive self-management strategies can be useful to entrepreneurs. These techniques include goal-setting, self-observation, self-rewards, cueing, self-talk, visualization and the active reframing of obstacles into opportunities. In addition, the varying roles and functions of mentors, including emotional, vocational and role modelling support, will have many positive benefits for both entrepreneurial proteges and mentors. Recommendations for furture research and an entrepreneurial model of career development are provided

Mentoring and Self-Management Career Strategies For Entrepreneurs

The purpose of this article is to examine the literature on self management and mentoring to develop practical methods of enhancing the career success of entrepreneurs. The authors believe that both behavioural and cognitive self-management strategies can be useful to entrepreneurs. These techniques include goal-setting, self-observation, self-rewards, cueing, self-talk, visualization and the active reframing of obstacles into opportunities. In addition, the varying roles and functions of mentors, including emotional, vocational and role modelling support, will have many positive benefits for both entrepreneurial proteges and mentors. Recommendations for furture research and an entrepreneurial model of career development are provided

Controlled Irradiative Formation of Penitentes

Spike-shaped structures are produced by light-driven ablation in very different contexts. Penitentes 1-4 m high are common on Andean glaciers, where their formation changes glacier dynamics and hydrology. Laser ablation can produce cones 10-100 microns high with a variety of proposed applications in materials science. We report the first laboratory generation of centimeter-scale snow and ice penitentes. Systematically varying conditions allows identification of the essential parameters controlling the formation of ablation structures. We demonstrate that penitente initiation and coarsening requires cold temperatures, so that ablation leads to sublimation rather than melting. Once penitentes have formed, further growth of height can occur by melting. The penitentes intially appear as small structures (3 mm high) and grow by coarsening to 1-5 cm high. Our results are an important step towards understanding and controlling ablation morphologies.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

The HPS electromagnetic calorimeter

The Heavy Photon Search experiment (HPS) is searching for a new gauge boson, the so-called “heavy photon.” Through its kinetic mixing with the Standard Model photon, this particle could decay into an electron-positron pair. It would then be detectable as a narrow peak in the invariant mass spectrum of such pairs, or, depending on its lifetime, by a decay downstream of the production target. The HPS experiment is installed in Hall-B of Jefferson Lab. This article presents the design and performance of one of the two detectors of the experiment, the electromagnetic calorimeter, during the runs performed in 2015–2016. The calorimeter's main purpose is to provide a fast trigger and reduce the copious background from electromagnetic processes through matching with a tracking detector. The detector is a homogeneous calorimeter, made of 442 lead-tungstate (PbWO4) scintillating crystals, each read out by an avalanche photodiode coupled to a custom trans-impedance amplifier

High-Resolution Epitope Positioning of a Large Collection of Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Single-Domain Antibodies on the Enzymatic and Binding Subunits of Ricin Toxin

We previously produced a heavy-chain-only antibody (Ab) VH domain (VHH)-displayed phage library from two alpacas that had been immunized with ricin toxoid and nontoxic mixtures of the enzymatic ricin toxin A subunit (RTA) and binding ricin toxin B subunit (RTB) (D. J. Vance, J. M. Tremblay, N. J. Mantis, and C. B. Shoemaker, J Biol Chem 288:36538–36547, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M113.519207). Initial and subsequent screens of that library by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) yielded more than two dozen unique RTA- and RTB-specific VHHs, including 10 whose structures were subsequently solved in complex with RTA. To generate a more complete antigenic map of ricin toxin and to define the epitopes associated with toxin-neutralizing activity, we subjected the VHH-displayed phage library to additional “pannings” on both receptor-bound ricin and antibody-captured ricin. We now report the full-length DNA sequences, binding affinities, and neutralizing activities of 68 unique VHHs: 31 against RTA, 33 against RTB, and 4 against ricin holotoxin. Epitope positioning was achieved through cross-competition ELISAs performed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and verified, in some instances, with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. The 68 VHHs grouped into more than 20 different competition bins. The RTA-specific VHHs with strong toxin-neutralizing activities were confined to bins that overlapped two previously identified neutralizing hot spots, termed clusters I and II. The four RTB-specific VHHs with potent toxin-neutralizing activity grouped within three adjacent bins situated at the RTA-RTB interface near cluster II. These results provide important insights into epitope interrelationships on the surface of ricin and delineate regions of vulnerability that can be exploited for the purpose of vaccine and therapeutic development

Magnetic confinement of an electric arc in transverse supersonic flow

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77344/1/AIAA-2803-657.pd

Combinatorial Mismatch Scan (CMS) for loci associated with dementia in the Amish

BACKGROUND: Population heterogeneity may be a significant confounding factor hampering detection and verification of late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility genes. The Amish communities located in Indiana and Ohio are relatively isolated populations that may have increased power to detect disease susceptibility genes. METHODS: We recently performed a genome scan of dementia in this population that detected several potential loci. However, analyses of these data are complicated by the highly consanguineous nature of these Amish pedigrees. Therefore we applied the Combinatorial Mismatch Scanning (CMS) method that compares identity by state (IBS) (under the presumption of identity by descent (IBD)) sharing in distantly related individuals from such populations where standard linkage and association analyses are difficult to implement. CMS compares allele sharing between individuals in affected and unaffected groups from founder populations. Comparisons between cases and controls were done using two Fisher's exact tests, one testing for excess in IBS allele frequency and the other testing for excess in IBS genotype frequency for 407 microsatellite markers. RESULTS: In all, 13 dementia cases and 14 normal controls were identified who were not related at least through the grandparental generation. The examination of allele frequencies identified 24 markers (6%) nominally (p ≤ 0.05) associated with dementia; the most interesting (empiric p ≤ 0.005) markers were D3S1262, D5S211, and D19S1165. The examination of genotype frequencies identified 21 markers (5%) nominally (p ≤ 0.05) associated with dementia; the most significant markers were both located on chromosome 5 (D5S1480 and D5S211). Notably, one of these markers (D5S211) demonstrated differences (empiric p ≤ 0.005) under both tests. CONCLUSION: Our results provide the initial groundwork for identifying genes involved in late-onset Alzheimer's disease within the Amish community. Genes identified within this isolated population will likely play a role in a subset of late-onset AD cases across more general populations. Regions highlighted by markers demonstrating suggestive allelic and/or genotypic differences will be the focus of more detailed examination to characterize their involvement in dementia