Evolution of South American Paucituberculata (Metatheria: Marsupialia): adaptive radiation and climate changes at the Eocene- Oligocene boundary

The Eocene-Oligocene boundary (EOB) marks a period of remodeling in the metatherian faunas of South America. Paucituberculata was one of the groups that successfully diversified as the climate and environment conditions changed, and they became, during the first part of the Neogene, an important component of micromammal assemblages. Among paucituberculatans, the non-pichipilid palaeothentoids (NPP) has been recognized as the clade that diversified most widely in post-EOB times. Here we explore the evolutionary response of the NPP to the climatic-environmental changes around the EOB, by analysing the temporal patterns of disparity, taxonomic diversity and body mass in a phylogenetic context. To asses the magnitude of the NPP radiation comparisons based on these macroevolutionary parameters were done with its sister-group Pichipilidae, and its next closest relative, the Caenolestidae. In all considered parameters, NPP reached values significantly higher than the remaining paucituberculatans clades. From its initial diversification in the middle Eocene, taxonomic diversity increased through time, but it was decoupled from disparity across the EOB, and from the late Oligocene to early Miocene. The Oligocene emerges as the key period in NPP evolution, which is evidenced by a significant and concordant expansion of disparity and taxonomic diversity, suggesting evolution into empty ecospace.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

New approaches to cancer care in a COVID-19 world

The effects of COVID-19 on cancer are substantial, highlighting both novel and existing challenges for health-care systems. We were therefore encouraged to see The Lancet Oncology’s call for cancer care to be safeguarded in a postCOVID-19 world.1 We endorse this position for cancer surgery specifically, and propose several recommendations aiming to reduce the so-called collateral damage of COVID-19. The International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) is a global collaboration seeking to compare and improve cancer survival across high income countries.2 Within the ICBP, we came together to provide a voice for the international cancer surgery community