Pressure distributions from high Reynolds number transonic tests of an NACA 0012 airfoil in the Langley 0.3-meter transonic cryogenic tunnel

Tests were conducted in the 2-D test section of the Langley 0.3-meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel on a NACA 0012 airfoil to obtain aerodynamic data as a part of the Advanced Technology Airfoil Test (ATAT) program. The test program covered a Mach number range of 0.30 to 0.82 and a Reynolds number range of 3.0 to 45.0 x 10 to the 6th power. The stagnation pressure was varied between 1.2 and 6.0 atmospheres and the stagnation temperature was varied between 300 K and 90 K to obtain these test conditions. Tabulated pressure distributions and integrated force and moment coefficients are presented as well as plots of the surface pressure distributions. The data are presented uncorrected for wall interference effects and without analysis

Quantum Error Correction on Linear Nearest Neighbor Qubit Arrays

A minimal depth quantum circuit implementing 5-qubit quantum error correction in a manner optimized for a linear nearest neighbor architecture is described. The canonical decomposition is used to construct fast and simple gates that incorporate the necessary swap operations. Simulations of the circuit's performance when subjected to discrete and continuous errors are presented. The relationship between the error rate of a physical qubit and that of a logical qubit is investigated with emphasis on determining the concatenated error correction threshold.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Phase transition in a static granular system

We find that a column of glass beads exhibits a well-defined transition between two phases that differ in their resistance to shear. Pulses of fluidization are used to prepare static states with well-defined particle volume fractions $\phi$ in the range 0.57-0.63. The resistance to shear is determined by slowly inserting a rod into the column of beads. The transition occurs at $\phi=0.60$ for a range of speeds of the rod.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. The paper is significantly extended, including new dat

The effect of seed moisture content and hot water treatment on carrot seed viability and Alternaria radicina control

Hot water treatment of seeds to control seedborne pathogens is an important tool for organic seed production. Reducing seed moisture content may have the potential to increase carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus D.C.) seed tolerance to treatment. Two hot water seed treatment experiments were conducted

The effect of seed moisture content and the duration and temperature of hot water treatment on carrot seed viability and the control of Alternaria Radicina

Hot water treatment of seeds to control seedborne pathogens is an important tool for organic seed production. Reducing seed moisture content may have the potential to increase carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus D.C.) seed tolerance to treatment. Two hot water seed treatment experiments were conducted. The first studied the effect of seed moisture content (SMC), treatment temperature and treatment duration on germination. Maximum safe treatment temperature and durations were established at 50°C and 30-40 min. Germination decreased slightly from 68% at 5% SMC to 63% at 20% SMC (LSD 1.2) for all durations. The second experiment studied the effect of initial SMC and treatment durations on infestation of seed by Alternaria radicina and seed germination. Treatment at 50°C for 30 min for all SMC compared to the control resulted in a decrease in A. radicina infestation from 69.2 to 1.7%. Reducing SMC from 20 to 5% for all durations resulted in a small decrease in infestation from 25% to 18% (LSD 1.5). Reducing SMC to 5% prior to hot water treatment may be a commercially viable means of minimising reductions in seed viability and decreasing fungal infestation levels

ABERRANT TESTA SHAPE encodes a KANADI family member, linking polarity determination to separation and growth of Arabidopsis ovule integuments

The Arabidopsis aberrant testa shape (ats) mutant produces a single integument instead of the two integuments seen in wild-type ovules. Cellular anatomy and patterns of marker gene expression indicate that the single integument results from congenital fusion of the two integuments of the wild type. Isolation of the ATS locus showed it to encode a member of the KANADI (KAN) family of putative transcription factors, previously referred to as KAN4. ATS was expressed at the border between the two integuments at the time of their initiation, with expression later confined to the abaxial layer of the inner integument. In an inner no outer (ino) mutant background, where an outer integument does not form, the ats mutation led to amorphous inner integument growth. The kan1 kan2 double mutant exhibits a similar amorphous growth of the outer integument without affecting inner integument growth. We hypothesize that ATS and KAN1/KAN2 play similar roles in the specification of polarity in the inner and outer integuments, respectively, that parallel the known roles of KAN proteins in promoting abaxial identity during leaf development. INO and other members of the YABBY gene family have been hypothesized to have similar parallel roles in outer integument and leaf development. Together, these two hypotheses lead us to propose a model for normal integument growth that also explains the described mutant phenotypes

Exploring the Effectiveness of a Retreat Method for Extension Staff

The California 4-H Association hosted two retreats to support its members with goals of balancing professional development with intentional relationship building. Evaluations demonstrated that staff found the intentional balance of time spent in unstructured, semi-structured, and structured time offered opportunities to grow professionally while building relationships with peers. Follow-up surveys found that 4-H professionals strengthened their network of peers to rely on in their work. Future work for professional development may benefit from a social capital lens