The Bauhaus influence on American Art Education

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston Universit

Write to Read: The Language Experience

Writing instruction at all levels of student development should focus on and nurture the individual\u27s confidence in using his native language. The teacher who provides students with opportunities to explore their own perceptions, their own experience in their writing and reading, can build language confidence and competence

Tricarbon­yl(2-methyl-2-η6-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane)chromium(0)

The structure of the title compound, [Cr(C10H12O2)(CO)3], is presented. The distorted piano-stool geometry features an off-center Cr(CO)3 fragment which reduces contact with the dioxolane ring. The dioxolane ring, in twisted conformation, is syn-oriented towards the Cr(CO)3 moiety

THE PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECT OF STILBENES ISOLATED FROM KANGAROO ISLAND PROPOLIS ON SIRT-1 ENZYME ACTIVITY

Objective: Resveratrol, a trihydroxystilbene, has been claimed to be a potent activator to SIRT-1 enzyme activity, which in turn could have a useful future application in the management of many chronic conditions such as metabolic syndrome and obesity. A group of novel tetrahydroxystilbene derivatives were isolated from Kangaroo Island propolis in Australia. Due to its structural similarities with resveratrol, the aim of this research was to explore the activity of Kangaroo Island prenylated stilbenes on SIRT-1 enzyme.Methods: In vitro fluorometry measurement of SIRT-1 enzyme activity using SIRT-1 assay kit (Cayman®).Results: None of the tested compounds had shown any activation to SIRT-1 enzyme, on contrary, they produced mild inhibition to the enzyme. Compound 3 (C20H22O4, 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-2-prenyl-E-stilbene) was the most potent inhibitor.Conclusion: Compound 3, in addition to compounds 2, 4, and 6 are candidate compounds for further investigation. A discussion of the results as well as the contradictory results in the literature has been presented in this article.Â

The Cambridge post-mastectomy radiotherapy (C-PMRT) index : a practical tool for patient selection

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Post mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) reduces loco-regional recurrence (LRR) and has been associated with survival benefit. It is recommended for patients with T3/T4 tumours and/or ⩾ 4 positive lymph nodes (LN). The role of PMRT in 1-3 positive LN and LN negative patients is contentious. The C-PMRT index has been designed for selecting PMRT patients, using independent prognostic factors for LRR. This study reports a 10 year experience using this index. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The C-PMRT index was constructed using the following prognostic factors (a) number of positive LN/lymphovascular invasion, (b) tumour size (c) margin status and (d) tumour grade. Patients were categorised as high (H) risk, intermediate (I) risk and low (L) risk. PMRT was recommended for H and I risk patients. The LRR, distant metastasis and overall survival (OS) rates were measured from the day of mastectomy. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2009, 898 invasive breast cancers in 883 patients were treated by mastectomy (H: 323, I: 231 and L: 344). At a median follow up of 5.2 years, 4.7% (42/898) developed LRR. The 5-year actuarial LRR rates were 6%, 2% and 2% for the H, I and L risk groups, respectively. 1.6% (14/898) developed isolated LRR (H risk n = 4, I risk group n = 0 and L risk n = 10). The 5-year actuarial overall survival rates were 67%, 77% and 90% for H, I and L risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Based on published literature, one would have expected a higher LRR rate in the I risk group without adjuvant RT. We hypothesise that the I risk group LRR rates have been reduced to that of the L risk group by the addition of RT. Apart from LN status and tumour size, other prognostic factors should also be considered in selecting patients for PMRT. This pragmatic tool requires further validation

Natural Toxins for Use in Pest Management

Natural toxins are a source of new chemical classes of pesticides, as well as environmentally and toxicologically safer molecules than many of the currently used pesticides. Furthermore, they often have molecular target sites that are not exploited by currently marketed pesticides. There are highly successful products based on natural compounds in the major pesticide classes. These include the herbicide glufosinate (synthetic phosphinothricin), the spinosad insecticides, and the strobilurin fungicides. These and other examples of currently marketed natural product-based pesticides, as well as natural toxins that show promise as pesticides from our own research are discussed

Making stillbirths count, making numbers talk - issues in data collection for stillbirths.

BACKGROUND: Stillbirths need to count. They constitute the majority of the world's perinatal deaths and yet, they are largely invisible. Simply counting stillbirths is only the first step in analysis and prevention. From a public health perspective, there is a need for information on timing and circumstances of death, associated conditions and underlying causes, and availability and quality of care. This information will guide efforts to prevent stillbirths and improve quality of care. DISCUSSION: In this report, we assess how different definitions and limits in registration affect data capture, and we discuss the specific challenges of stillbirth registration, with emphasis on implementation. We identify what data need to be captured, we suggest a dataset to cover core needs in registration and analysis of the different categories of stillbirths with causes and quality indicators, and we illustrate the experience in stillbirth registration from different cultural settings. Finally, we point out gaps that need attention in the International Classification of Diseases and review the qualities of alternative systems that have been tested in low- and middle-income settings. SUMMARY: Obtaining high-quality data will require consistent definitions for stillbirths, systematic population-based registration, better tools for surveys and verbal autopsies, capacity building and training in procedures to identify causes of death, locally adapted quality indicators, improved classification systems, and effective registration and reporting systems

Universities and community-based research in developing countries: community voice and educational provision in rural Tanzania

The main focus of recent research on the community engagement role of universities has been in developed countries, generally in towns and cities and usually conducted from the perspectives of universities rather than the communities with which they engage. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the community engagement role of universities in the rural areas of developing countries, and its potential for strengthening the voice of rural communities. The particular focus is on the provision of primary and secondary education. The paper is based on the assumption that in order for community members to have both the capacity and the confidence to engage in political discourse for improving educational capacity and quality, they need the opportunity to become involved and well-versed in the options available, beyond their own experience. Particular attention is given in the paper to community-based research (CBR). CBR is explored from the perspectives of community members and local leaders in the government-community partnerships which have responsibility for the provision of primary and secondary education in rural Tanzania. The historical and policy background of the partnerships, together with findings from two case studies, provide the context for the paper