Phenomenology of the deuteron electromagnetic form factors

A rigorous extraction of the deuteron charge form factors from tensor polarization data in elastic electron-deuteron scattering, at given values of the 4-momentum transfer, is presented. Then the world data for elastic electron-deuteron scattering is used to parameterize, in three different ways, the three electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron in the 4-momentum transfer range 0-7 fm. This procedure is made possible with the advent of recent polarization measurements. The parameterizations allow a phenomenological characterization of the deuteron electromagnetic structure. They can be used to remove ambiguities in the form factors extraction from future polarization data

Hemodynamic effects of lipid emulsion after local anesthetic intoxication may be due to a direct effect of fatty acids on myocardial voltage-dependent calcium channels.

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TNF? increases resting potential in isolated fibres from rat peroneus longus by a PKC mediated mechanism: involvement in ICU acquired polyneuromyopathy.

International audienceOur aim was to investigate the effect of TNF? on muscle resting potential (RP) and then in muscle excitability and to demonstrate another mechanism implicated in intensive care units (ICU) acquired polyneuromyopathy.Experiments were carried out on adult female Wistar rats. After isolation of muscle fibres from peroneus longus, influence of TNF? was tested on RP by using intracellular microelectrodes. Digoxin and chelerythrin were used to determine the mechanism of TNF? action.First, we found that TNF? induced a concentration dependent increase of muscle RP and that this mechanism, which was blocked by digoxin, was due to an effect on the Na/K ATPase. As it was also blocked by chelerythrin it was concluded that this effect was mediated by PKC activation of the Na/K ATPase.We demonstrated that TNF? leads to a PKC mediated increase in muscle RP. Depolarization needed to reach the threshold voltage for muscle action potential should then be higher and this could be involved in the decrease in muscle excitability observed in acquired polyneuromyopathy

Tumor necrosis factor-? downregulates sodium current in skeletal muscle by protein kinase C activation: involvement in critical illness polyneuromyopathy.

International audienceSepsis is involved in the decrease of membrane excitability of skeletal muscle, leading to polyneuromyopathy. This effect is mediated by alterations of the properties of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(V)), but the exact mechanism is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to check whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF-?), a cytokine released during sepsis, exerts a rapid effect on Na(V). Sodium current (I(Na)) was recorded by macropatch clamp in skeletal muscle fibers isolated from rat peroneus longus muscle, in control conditions and after TNF-? addition. Analyses of dose-effect and time-effect relationships were carried out. Effect of chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, was also studied to determine the way of action of TNF-?. TNF-? induced a reversible dose- and time-dependent inhibition of I(Na). A maximum inhibition of 75% of the control current was observed. A shift toward more negative potentials of activation and inactivation curves of I(Na) was also noticed. These effects were prevented by chelerythrine pretreatment. TNF-? is a cytokine released in the early stages of sepsis. Besides a possible transcriptional role, i.e., modification of the channel type and/or number, we demonstrated the existence of a rapid, posttranscriptional inhibition of Na(V) by TNF-?. The downregulation of the sodium current could be mediated by a PKC-induced phosphorylation of the sodium channel, thus leading to a significant decrease in muscle excitability

The reproducibility of Stewart parameters for acid-base diagnosis using two central laboratory analyzers.

International audienceBACKGROUND: Acid-base derangements can be interpreted using the Stewart-Fencl approach, which includes calculation of the apparent strong ion difference (SID(app)), the effective SID (SID(eff)), and the strong ion gap (SIG). These calculations require the measurement of several variables. We hypothesized that the SID and SIG calculated by different analyzers would not be reproducible because of variability in the measured values. METHODS: In this prospective observational study conducted in a biochemistry laboratory, we analyzed 179 routine blood samples from consecutive patients over a 3-mo period using two automated blood chemistry analyzers, the LX20 (Beckman) and the Modular (Roche). Measured and calculated parameters from the two analyzers were compared. RESULTS: Although the correlation between measured values was satisfactory, there were large differences in the limits of agreement for calculated values (SID(app): 9.6 mEq/L, SID(eff): 6.4 mEq/L, and SIG: 11.7 mEq/L) and a weak correlation (SID(app): r(2) = 0.54 and SIG: r(2) = 0.12) between the analyzers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the Stewart-Fencl approach for interpretation of acid-base status can vary according to the analyzer used. These differences may have important clinical and research implications.

Professional risks when carrying out cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal malignancy with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): A French multicentric survey

International audienceBACKGROUND:Over the last two decades, many surgical teams have developed programs to treat peritoneal carcinomatosis with extensive cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Currently, there are no specific recommendations for HIPEC procedures concerning environmental contamination risk management, personal protective equipment (PPE), or occupational health supervision.METHODS:A survey of the institutional practices among all French teams currently performing HIPEC procedures was carried out via the French network for the treatment of rare peritoneal malignancies (RENAPE).RESULTS:Thirty three surgical teams responded, 14 (42.4%) which reported more than 10 years of HIPEC experience. Some practices were widespread, such as using HIPEC machine approved by the European Community (100%), individualized or centralized smoke evacuation (81.8%), "open" abdominal coverage during perfusion (75.8%), and maintaining the same surgeon throughout the procedure (69.7%). Others were more heterogeneous, including laminar flow air circulation (54.5%) and the provision of safety protocols in the event of perfusate spills (51.5%). The use of specialized personal protective equipment is ubiquitous (93.9%) but widely variable between programs.CONCLUSION:Protocols regarding cytoreductive surgery/HIPEC and the associated professional risks in France lack standardization and should be established

A new internet tool to report peritoneal malignancy extent. PeRitOneal MalIgnancy Stage Evaluation (PROMISE) application

International audienceBased on the importance of assessing the true extent of peritoneal disease, PeRitOneal MalIgnancy Stage Evaluation (PROMISE) internet application (www.e-promise.org) has been developed to facilitate tabulation and automatically calculate surgically validated peritoneal cancer index (PCI), and other surgically validated scores as Gilly score, simplified peritoneal cancer index (SPCI), Fagotti and Fagotti-modified scores. This application offers computer-assistance to produce simple, quick but precise and standardized pre, intra and postoperative reports of the extent of peritoneal metastases and may help specialized and non-specialized institutions in their current practice but also facilitate research and multicentre studies on peritoneal surface malignancies