347 research outputs found

    Le métier impossible des moniteurs de Maison Familiale Rurale : analyse de l’activité, entre l’audace d’un projet et la réalité du terrain

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    A l’heure où l’organisation du travail est parfois montrée du doigt, où les méthodes de management sont minutieusement observées, nous avons souhaité nous intéresser à une structure de formation parfois méconnue : Les Maisons Familiales Rurales (MFR) et plus particulièrement aux formateurs se trouvant au cœur de cette organisation. Ces formateurs se font aussi appeler moniteurs car leurs missions sont variées et vont au-delà de l’enseignement, de la transmission d’un savoir, d’un savoir-faire ou d’un savoir-être. Eduquer, enseigner sont des actes souvent classés aujourd’hui dans les métiers impossibles. Formateur en MFR ferait donc partie de ces métiers impossibles. Dans notre travail de recherche, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre de la didactique professionnelle, nous nous sommes intéressée à la façon dont ces moniteurs articulent toutes ces missions, faisant l’hypothèse d’organisateurs de l’activité. Nous avons, donc, fait le choix d’une méthodologie de l’analyse de l’activité regroupant à la fois la technique de l’instruction au sosie chère à Y. Clot et celle des incidents critiques développées par J. Leplat en ergonomie. Nos résultats nous amènent à poser de nouvelles questions liées à l’évolution de l’organisation du travail au sein des MFR, et à l’évolution de la société ; puis à reconnaître l’importance du collectif et du travail en équipe dans ces structures.At a time where the labour organization is sometimes blamed, where management processes are thoroughly observed, we've wanted to examine an unrecognized organization: the MFR and especially focus on teachers who are in the core of this organization. Those people are also called instructors because their assignments are various and go further than simple teaching, giving some knowledge some know-how or some manners. Nowadays, educating and teaching are often classed in impossible works. So MFR instructor’s form a part of those impossible works. In our research works, which register in professional didactic frame, we've taken an interest in the way that those instructors organize their goals conceding they're meticulous organizer of their activity. So we've chosen a methodology of activity analysis which gather the double instruction technique (dear to Y. Clot), and the critical incidents methodology developed in ergonomics by J. Leplat. Our results lead us to pose some new questions linked to the evolution of labour organization within MFR and by the society evolution. Then, this helps us to admit the importance of collective and team work in that kind of organization

    Accompagnement d’équipes d’enseignants universitaires à la mise en œuvre d’une approche-programme : quelles articulations entre des transformations individuelles et un cheminement collectif ?

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    Dans le cadre d’un projet Appel à Manifestation d’Intérêts 2017-2019 soutenu par le Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, La Rochelle Université a mis en place un dispositif pour accompagner des équipes d’enseignants dans la mise en œuvre d’une approche-programme. À partir d’un bilan à mi-parcours avec les enseignants impliqués dans ce dispositif, où ils ont notamment exprimé leur étonnement face à leur propre changement de représentations, voire de pratiques, nous avons formulé un certain nombre de questions. Nous interrogeons ainsi dans cet article l’articulation entre l’évolution des pratiques qui s’opère à un niveau individuel et l’évolution des pratiques qui s’opère à un niveau collectif, à partir de l’analyse de ce bilan. Nous proposons ensuite d’en extraire des principes directeurs, que nous pourrions transférer dans le cadre d’accompagnements ultérieurs

    Accompagnement d'Ă©quipes d'enseignants universitaires Ă  la mise en oeuvre d'une approche-programme : quelles articulations entre des transformations individuelles et un cheminement collectif ?

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    International audienceDans le cadre d’un projet Appel à Manifestation d’Intérêts 2017-2019 soutenu par le Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, La Rochelle Université a mis en place un dispositif pour accompagner des équipes d’enseignants dans la mise en œuvre d’une approche programme. A partir d’un bilan à mi-parcours avec les enseignants impliqués dans ce dispositif, un certain nombre de questions ont émergé. Notamment, ils ont pu exprimer leur étonnement face à leur propre changement de représentations, voire de pratiques. Ceci interroge alors sur la façon dont ils envisageaient la transformation collective de leur pratique. Et à l’inverse, leur évolution individuelle atteste-telle pour autant d’une transformation collective ? Nous rapportons donc dans cette contribution l’analyse de ce bilan et essayons d’en extraire des principes directeurs, que nous pourrions transférer dans le cadre d’accompagnements ultérieurs

    RELATIONSHIP OF NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA WITH THE EVENT OF WORM INFECTION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE WORK AREA OF AIR BILITI PUSKESMAS MUSI RAWAS

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    More than 1.5 billion people or 24% of the world's population experience worm infections that are transmitted through the soil. Worm infections that occur can damage the nutritional status in the form of anemia in all children, especially school age. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional anemia and the incidence of helminthiasis. This research method is an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design. The population in the study was conducted on elementary school children in the working area of the Air Biliti Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency in 2021. The sample in this study was 98 with simple random sampling at five schools in the working area of the Air Biliti Health Center. The study was conducted in March 2021. The results of this study showed that most of the proportions of negative helminth infections were 60 (61.2%), not anemic 71 (72.4%), Class VI 39 (39.8%), 11 years old 32 (32,7 % ), female 50 (51.0%), high parental education 53 (54.1%), farmer occupation 61 (62.2%), income 50 (51.0%). The results of the analysis of the significant relationship between nutritional anemia (p value 0.000, OR = 6.500) and infection rates in elementary school-aged children in the work area of Air Biliti Health Center, Musi Rawas Regency. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the importance of maintaining environmental cleanliness and personal hygiene, coupled with the habit of taking a worm medicine and attention from parents to reduce helminth infections that cause children to experience nutritional anemia.</p

    PELATIHAN PENGAJARAN ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS BAGI GURU-GURU SDN 7 MUARA SATU KECAMATAN MUARA SATU KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE

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    ABSTRAKPengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini bejudul “Pelatihan Pengajaran English for Young Learners (EYL) bagi Guru-guru SDN 7 Muara Satu Kecamatan Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe”, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dan motivasi siswa dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang selama ini dianggap sangat sulit dan membosankan. Oleh sebab itu, pengajaran English for Young Learners (EYL) diperlukan dalam pelatihan ini. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode komunikasi dua arah yang melibatkan semua peserta pelatihan secara aktif sehingga peserta yang hadir akan dikondisikan sebagai penerima pengetahuan yang aktif. Kegiatan PKM melalui pelatihan pengajaran English for young learners dilaksanakan pada tanggal 11 s.d 13 Februari 2019 yang diikuti oleh guru dan murid SDN 7 Muara Satu Kecamatan Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan adanya perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik lagi dan kegiatan ini akan menjadi sebuah kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bermanfaat. Selain itu, kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi oleh guru maupun murid di kelas.Kata Kunci: pelatihan, pengajaran, english for young learners, gur

    Memory concerns in the early Alzheimer’s disease prodrome: Regional association with tau deposition

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    Introduction: Relationship between self- and informant memory concerns and tau aggregation was assessed in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Regional mean standardized uptake value ratios were extracted from [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography (PET) scans of 82 at-risk adults in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort. Associations between self- and informant ECog memory scores and tau aggregation were analyzed on both regional and voxelwise bases. Analyses were completed both on the whole sample and restricted to amyloid-positive individuals only. Results: Memory concerns were associated with tau aggregation. Self-perception was more associated with frontal tau. In contrast, informant scores were more associated with parietal tau. This source-by-region interaction was more prominent in amyloid-positive participants and observed in both regional and voxelwise analyses. Discussion: Quantitative assessment of perceived memory functioning may be useful for screening older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Individuals and their informants may provide complementary information relating to the anatomical distribution of tau

    Prenatal stress and brain development.

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    Prenatal stress (PS) has been linked to abnormal cognitive, behavioral and psychosocial outcomes in both animals and humans. Animal studies have clearly demonstrated PS effects on the offspring&apos;s brain, however, while it has been speculated that PS most likely affects the brains of exposed human fetuses as well, no study has to date examined this possibility prospectively using an independent stressor (i.e., a stressful event that the pregnant woman has no control over, such as a natural disaster). The aim of this review is to summarize the existing animal literature by focusing on specific brain regions that have been shown to be affected by PS both macroscopically and microscopically. These regions include the hippocampus, amygdala, corpus callosum, anterior commissure, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hypothalamus. We first discuss the mechanisms by which the effects of PS might occur. In particular, we show that maternal and fetal hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes, and the placenta, are the most likely candidates for these mechanisms. We see that, although animal studies have obvious advantages over human studies, the integration of findings in animals and the transfer of these findings to human populations remains a complex issue. Finally, we show how it is possible to circumvent these challenges by studying the effects of PS on brain development directly in humans, by taking advantage of natural or man-made disasters and assessing the impact and consequences of such stressful events on pregnant women and their offspring prospectively

    Measurement of maintenance planning and control effectiveness using the Lean approach

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    Ineffective maintenance management can result in a backlog of maintenance work orders, inefficient activity prioritisations, and unnecessary outages. Making a strategic decision is challenging due to traditional procedures that only treated maintenance at a tactical level. Usually, the key performance indicator (KPI) measured for maintenance management is related to work order compliance. However, there is still less work focusing on measuring the effectiveness of Maintenance Planning and Control (MPC) processes. This paper aims to showcase a measurement of the maintenance effectiveness at offshore facilities using Lean methodology by measuring the lead time of sub-processes of MPC activities to evaluate existing practices, identify gaps and develop key recommendations. To this end, the lead time of the baseline MPC process is analysed and benchmarked with that of the improved MPC where new parameters to monitor and verify the process efficiency are included. The results show that a lead time improvement of close to 60% was achieved with the proposed methodology

    Pengenalan kepada amalan kepimpinan guru di Malaysia: Cabaran dan cadangan Introduction to teacher leadership practices in Malaysia: Challenges and recommendations

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    The article is based on literature review of teacher leadership which is an increasingly popular concept to be implemented and used by practitioners and researchers in their studies. Therefore, this article discusses two local findings which may give an early indication of the practice of teacher leadership in Malaysia. The conclusion of the findings reported that leadership capacity of teachers in Malaysia is high and satisfactory. However, certain internal and external environment factors are impediments to the effective and efficient development of leadership capacity among teachers. Among the findings were: the burden of administrative and teaching duties of the teachers and the lack of financial support for staff development programs. As an alternative to overcome these obstacles, this article suggests the framework by Frost and Harris (2003) on the development of teacher leadership capacity. It involves front-line leadership responsibility for creating the role of leadership to enable the performance of duties among the teachers, the establishment of a conductive school environment and teacher self-development capacity. Among them, the front-line leaders must change their organizational structures so that teachers can also be involved in decision making. They should also strive to create a positive school culture for the school to trust the actions of the teacher leaders. Teacher leaders also need to develop themselves with a certain capacity as leader
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