Efficacité des programmes d'accès à l'égalité (PAE) à l'intention des minorités visibles et bénéfices escomptés par les employeurs

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Le Québec et les programmes d'accès à l'égalité : un rendez-vous manqué?

Analyse critique de l’évolution des programmes d’accès à l’égalité depuis 198

Des personnes uniques avant tout : une grille d’analyse critique pour mieux prendre en compte la diversité des besoins dans le cadre des actions sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé

Cet article propose une grille d’analyse pour mieux prendre en compte la diversité des besoins dans le cadre des actions sur les déterminants de la santé. En effet, les données empiriques suggèrent que les pratiques de promotion de la santé ont tendance à imposer des modèles, peu adaptés aux caractéristiques, aux contextes de vie et aux préférences de certains groupes. L’élaboration de cette grille est basée sur l’approche fondée sur les capacités et sur l’approche intersectionnelle. Concrètement, elle propose d’apprécier la pertinence des actions collectives, en regard des atteintes aux droits vécues par différents groupes, des besoins qu’ils jugent prioritaires, tout en prenant en considération leurs stratégies d’adaptation à leurs difficultés. Son utilité est illustrée à travers l’exemple de la lutte contre l’itinérance des femmes.This article proposes an analytical framework to better take into account the diversity of needs when trying to address the determinants of health. Empirical evidence suggests that health promotion practices tend to impose models that are not well adapted to the characteristics, life contexts and preferences of certain groups. This model attempts to combine principles of capability approach with intersectionality analysis. In concrete terms, it proposes to assess the relevance of collective actions in addressing the infringements of the rights experienced by different groups, by understanding their priorities, and by taking into account their capacities and their strategies of adaptation. As an example, the struggles of different groups of women in situation of homelessness have been examined to illustrate the use and relevance of the tool

Hydroxyacetophenone defenses in white spruce against spruce budworm

We review a recently discovered white spruce (Picea glauca) chemical defense against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) involving hydroxyacetophenones. These defense metabolites detected in the foliage accumulate variably as the aglycons, piceol and pungenol, or the corresponding glucosides, picein and pungenin. We summarize current knowledge of the genetic, genomic, molecular, and biochemical underpinnings of this defense and its effects on C. fumiferana. We present an update with new results on the ontogenic variation and the phenological window of this defense, including analysis of transcript responses in P. glauca to C. fumiferana herbivory. We also discuss this chemical defense from an evolutionary and a breeding context.publishedVersio

Hydroxyacetophenone defenses in white spruce against spruce budworm

We review a recently discovered white spruce (Picea glauca) chemical defense against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) involving hydroxyacetophenones. These defense metabolites detected in the foliage accumulate variably as the aglycons, piceol and pungenol, or the corresponding glucosides, picein and pungenin. We summarize current knowledge of the genetic, genomic, molecular, and biochemical underpinnings of this defense and its effects on C. fumiferana. We present an update with new results on the ontogenic variation and the phenological window of this defense, including analysis of transcript responses in P. glauca to C. fumiferana herbivory. We also discuss this chemical defense from an evolutionary and a breeding context.publishedVersio

Hydroxyacetophenone defenses in white spruce against spruce budworm

We review a recently discovered white spruce (Picea glauca) chemical defense against spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) involving hydroxyacetophenones. These defense metabolites detected in the foliage accumulate variably as the aglycons, piceol and pungenol, or the corresponding glucosides, picein and pungenin. We summarize current knowledge of the genetic, genomic, molecular, and biochemical underpinnings of this defense and its effects on C. fumiferana. We present an update with new results on the ontogenic variation and the phenological window of this defense, including analysis of transcript responses in P. glauca to C. fumiferana herbivory. We also discuss this chemical defense from an evolutionary and a breeding context

The isolated human umbilical vein as a bioassay for kinin-generating proteases : an in vitro model for therapeutic angioedema agents

Aims: The isolated human umbilical vein is a robust contractile bioassay for ligands of the bradykinin (BK) B2 receptor (B2R), also extendable to B1 receptor (B1R) pharmacology. We hypothesized that, as a freshly isolated vessel, it also contains traces of plasma proteins that may confer responses to exogenous proteases via the formation of kinins. Main methods : Rings of human umbilical veins were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs buffer maintained at 37 °C and purified proteases were introduced in the bathing fluid along with additional drugs/proteins that permit mechanistic analysis of effects. Key findings: The previously described contractile response to human recombinant tissue kallikrein (KLK-1, 1–10 nM) is not influenced by metabolic inhibitors, suggesting its dependence on a preexisting reservoir of low molecular weight-kininogen (LK). Active plasma kallikrein (apK, ≤ 5 nM) was inactive in fresh tissues, unless high molecular weight-kininogen (HK, 39–197 nM) replenishment was applied. The effects of KLK-1 and HK + apK are abolished by pretreating tissues with icatibant, but not with tranexamic acid. C1-esterase inhibitor inhibited only HK + apK. Purified plasmin and neutrophil proteinase-3 produced small contractions in the presence of HK only, and tissue plasminogen activator, none. B1R stimulation was pharmacologically evidenced in response to KLK-1 if LK was supplied. Significance: The pharmacology of KLK-1 and HK + apK in the human isolated umbilical vein is essentially based on the activity of locally generated kinins and this assay models the inhibitory action of some therapeutic agents active in angioedema states. Proteases that indirectly generate kinins have little activity in the system