188 research outputs found
Linking electrical and thermal conductivity through cross-property inclusion modelling
We derive a new cross-property differential effective medium scheme for a composite material’s thermal conductivity as a function of its electrical conductivity and vice versa. Our scheme assumes that one phase is embedded in the other as inclusions. The relations are independent of inclusion volume fraction, but depend on the aspect ratio of the inclusions. We show that the method successfully models published laboratory measurements on a copper-graphite composite, with the inferred aspect ratio matching the physical shape of the inclusions. This work complements earlier results on elastic-electrical cross-property differential effective medium modelling, and has the potential to be extended for different cross-property relationships
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Historic Black Lives Matter: Archaeology as Activism in the 21st Century
May 19, 2015 would have been Malcolm X’s 90th birthday, and fifty years after his assassination we are still dealing with the ghosts of slavery, Jim Crow, and the manifestations of institutionalized racism. While much progress was made from the Civil Rights Movement, we still have far to go. This past year brought the topics of slavery, civil rights, and racism back into the mainstream. These stories are not new for those of us who work tirelessly to chronicle these historical and contemporary narratives in an attempt to educate the public about Black history. The “New Civil Rights Movement” launched with #Blacklivesmatter campaigns and has drawn international attention to our long and shameful history of racism and violence in the United States. The recent anniversaries offer a revived platform for the “perfect storm” to discuss race and repair. This issue and the current trajectory of ADAN are dedicated to race, archaeology, and activism. Issue 1 is co-authored by Kelley Deetz (Issue 1 ADAN Editor) and Guest Editors Ellen Chapman and Ana Edwards. The Full Issue is in one PDF and contains the articles, commentary and media links related to preservation efforts in Richmond, Virginia
The Ability of a Potassium Oxalate Gel Strip to Occlude Human Dentine Tubules; A Novel in vitro:in situ Study
Ramifications of Optical Pumping on the Interpretation of Time-Resolved Photoemission Experiments on Graphene
In pump-probe time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES)
experiments the presence of the pump pulse adds a new level of complexity to
the photoemission process in comparison to conventional ARPES. This is
evidenced by pump-induced vacuum space-charge effects and surface
photovoltages, as well as multiple pump excitations due to internal reflections
in the sample-substrate system. These processes can severely affect a correct
interpretation of the data by masking the out-of-equilibrium electron dynamics
intrinsic to the sample. In this study, we show that such effects indeed
influence TR-ARPES data of graphene on a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate. In
particular, we find a time- and laser fluence-dependent spectral shift and
broadening of the acquired spectra, and unambiguously show the presence of a
double pump excitation. The dynamics of these effects is slower than the
electron dynamics in the graphene sample, thereby permitting us to deconvolve
the signals in the time domain. Our results demonstrate that complex
pump-related processes should always be considered in the experimental setup
and data analysis.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Ultrafast Dynamics of Massive Dirac Fermions in Bilayer Graphene
Bilayer graphene is a highly promising material for electronic and
optoelectronic applications since it is supporting massive Dirac fermions with
a tuneable band gap. However, no consistent picture of the gap's effect on the
optical and transport behavior has emerged so far, and it has been proposed
that the insulating nature of the gap could be compromised by unavoidable
structural defects, by topological in-gap states, or that the electronic
structure could be altogether changed by many-body effects. Here we directly
follow the excited carriers in bilayer graphene on a femtosecond time scale,
using ultrafast time- and angle-resolved photoemission. We find a behavior
consistent with a single-particle band gap. Compared to monolayer graphene, the
existence of this band gap leads to an increased carrier lifetime in the
minimum of the lowest conduction band. This is in sharp contrast to the second
sub-state of the conduction band, in which the excited electrons decay through
fast, phonon-assisted inter-band transitions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Application of Robotic and Autonomous Systems for Road Defect Detection and Repair - A Position Paper on Future Road Asset Management
Quantitative biomonitoring of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) using the Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata)
Increasing our understanding of the bioavailable fractions of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in an aquatic environment is important for the assessment of the environmental and human health risks posed by PACs. More importantly, the behaviour of polar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (polar PAHs), which are metabolites of legacy PAHs, are yet to be understood. We, therefore, carried out a study involving Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) sourced from two locations, that had been exposed to PAH contamination, within an Australian south-east estuary. Biomonitoring of these oysters, following relocation from the estuary to a relatively isolated waterway, was done at 24 and 72 h after deployment and subsequently at 7, 14, 28, 52 and 86 days. Control samples from Camden Haven River were sampled for PAC analyses just before deployment, after 28 days and at the end of the study (day 86). Lipid-normalised concentrations in oyster tissues across the 86-day sampling duration, elimination rate constants (k2), biological half-lives (t1/2) and time required to reach 95% of steady-state (t95) were reported for parent PAHs and the less-monitored polar PAHs including nitrated/oxygenated/heterocyclic PAHs (NPAHs, oxyPAHs and HPAHs) for the three differently sourced oyster types. Most of the depurating PAHs and NPAHs, as well as 9-FLO (oxyPAH), had k2 values significantly different from zero (p < 0.05). All other oxyPAHs and HPAHs showed no clear depuration, with their concentrations remaining similar. The non-depuration of polar PAHs from oyster tissues could imply greater human health risk compared to their parent analogues
Spin and valley control of free carriers in single-layer WS2
Data are available from http://dx.doi.org/10.17630/a25b95c6-b9e8-4ecf-9559-bb09e58a7835The semiconducting single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides have been identified as ideal materials for accessing and manipulating spin- and valley-quantum numbers due to a set of favorable optical selection rules in these materials. Here, we apply time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to directly probe optically excited free carriers in the electronic band structure of a high quality single layer (SL) of WS2 grown on Ag(111). We present a momentum resolved analysis of the optically generated free hole density around the valence band maximum of SL WS2 for linearly and circularly polarized optical excitations. We observe that the excited free holes are valley polarized within the upper spin-split branch of the valence band, which implies that the photon energy and polarization of the excitation permit selective excitations of free electron-hole pairs with a given spin and within a single valley.PostprintPeer reviewe
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